Milk Thistle

Chardon-Marie longa L.

Family: Asteraceae Part Used: Seed Evidence: Systematic Review

๐Ÿ“ Common Names (6 Languages)

English Milk Thistle
Hindi (เคนเคฟเคจเฅเคฆเฅ€) เคฎเคฟเคฒเฅเค• เคฅเคฟเคธเฅเคฒ (Milk Thistle)
Urdu (ุงุฑุฏูˆ) ุฏูˆุฏฺพ ฺฉุงู†ูนุง (Dudh Kanta)
Arabic (ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ) ุงู„ูƒุฑูƒู… (Al-Kurkum)
French Chardon-Marie
Spanish Cardo mariano

โœ… Evidence-Based Benefits

Premier hepatoprotective herb with robust clinical evidence. Cochrane systematic review of 13 RCTs shows significant improvement in liver enzyme levels (AST, ALT) in alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease (PMID: 16235356). Meta-analysis demonstrates efficacy in chronic hepatitis C improving quality of life and reducing inflammation (PMID: 15635074). Silymarin protects against hepatotoxins including acetaminophen, alcohol, and chemotherapy agents. May benefit diabetic nephropathy and metabolic syndrome (PMID: 16447229).

๐Ÿ“š Key Citations:

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๐Ÿ”ฌ Clinical Trials & Evidence

โš•๏ธ Evidence-Based Research: Clinical trials provide the highest level of evidence for herbal efficacy and safety. The trials listed below represent peer-reviewed research registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Each trial includes detailed protocols, patient populations, interventions tested, and measurable outcomes. Click links to access full trial details and published results.

Cochrane review: 13 RCTs, liver disease improvement

Meta-analysis: Hepatitis C benefits demonstrated

๐Ÿ” Find More Clinical Trials

Search for additional ongoing and completed trials investigating this herb's therapeutic effects:

๐Ÿ“‘ Search ClinicalTrials.gov ๐Ÿ“š Search PubMed Clinical Trials

๐Ÿ’ก Research Tip: Use both common name and scientific name when searching for comprehensive results. Filter by "Completed" trials to find published outcomes.

๐Ÿ’Š Drug Interactions

โš ๏ธ CRITICAL SAFETY INFORMATION

Herb-drug interactions can be serious and potentially life-threatening. Always inform your healthcare provider about all herbs, supplements, and medications you are taking. The interactions listed below are supported by clinical evidence and case reports. Citations link to peer-reviewed research on PubMed.

๐Ÿ“š Evidence-Based Interactions: Each interaction below includes research citations (PMID links) documenting the mechanism, clinical significance, and management recommendations. Click citations to access full studies.

Antidiabetic Medications

Effect: May lower blood glucose

Mechanism: Improves insulin sensitivity

Action: Monitor blood glucose levels. May allow medication dose reduction

CYP450 Substrates (Statins, Warfarin)

Effect: Silymarin may inhibit CYP2C9, CYP3A4

Mechanism: Competitive enzyme inhibition

Action: Monitor drug levels with narrow therapeutic index medications

Chemotherapy (Irinotecan, Doxorubicin)

Effect: May alter drug metabolism

Action: Inform oncologist before use. Requires medical supervision

Hepatotoxic Medications

Effect: Hepatoprotective - may reduce liver damage

Action: Generally beneficial but not a substitute for proper dosing

๐Ÿ“– Key Interaction Databases & Resources

๐Ÿ’ก Clinical Tip: Show your healthcare provider this page and the linked research citations when discussing potential interactions.

โš ๏ธ Safety Information

Adverse Events

Excellent safety profile with minimal adverse effects (<3% users). Mild gastrointestinal upset (loose stools, nausea) occasionally. Rare allergic reactions in those allergic to Asteraceae family (ragweed, chrysanthemums). No serious adverse events in systematic reviews. Safe for long-term use (up to 41 months studied).

โ›” Contraindications

Caution in estrogen-sensitive conditions (theoretical estrogenic effects - weak). May interact with diabetes medications. Avoid in Asteraceae allergy. Generally safe but monitor with CYP450-metabolized drugs. Safe in pregnancy at therapeutic doses but avoid high doses.

๐Ÿงฌ Mechanism of Action

Silymarin (mixture of flavonolignans: silybin A/B, silydianin, silychristin) provides hepatoprotection via: (1) Antioxidant effects - scavenges free radicals, (2) Anti-inflammatory - inhibits NF-ฮบB and leukotrienes, (3) Membrane stabilization - prevents toxin entry into hepatocytes, (4) Protein synthesis stimulation - promotes liver regeneration, (5) Anti-fibrotic effects.

๐Ÿ’Š Dosage & Administration

140mg silymarin 3 times daily (standardized to 70-80% silymarin) with meals for optimal absorption. Total daily: 420mg. For liver disease: 280-420mg daily in divided doses. Effects on liver enzymes seen after 4-12 weeks. Bioavailability enhanced with phosphatidylcholine complex.

โš•๏ธ Note: Consult healthcare provider for appropriate dosing, especially if taking medications.

๐Ÿ“– Additional Resources

๐ŸŒ WHO Monograph

Available in WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants

๐Ÿ”ฌ PubMed Search

Latest Research โ†’

๐Ÿงช ClinicalTrials.gov

Active Trials โ†’ โ†’

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Data Retrieval Date: November 29, 2025

Compiled by: Sheraz Ahmed

License: CC BY-SA 4.0

Citation: Ahmed, S. (2025). Medicinal Herbs Database. Clinical Corner. https://welovelmc.com/medical-tools.htm

โš•๏ธ Medical Disclaimer

FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY: This information is provided for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

โš ๏ธ Important Warnings:

๐Ÿ”ฌ Evidence Limitations: While this database includes peer-reviewed research and clinical trial data, individual results may vary. Drug interactions and contraindications are based on current research and may change as new evidence emerges.

โš–๏ธ Liability: The author, compiler (Sheraz Ahmed), and publisher disclaim any liability arising from the use or misuse of information contained in this database. This is not medical advice.