Comprehensive tracking of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine development worldwide. Over 13 billion doses administered globally with multiple licensed platforms including mRNA, viral vector, protein subunit, and inactivated vaccines.
Developer: Pfizer / BioNTech | Platform: mRNA-LNP
First COVID-19 vaccine authorized globally (Dec 2020). 95% efficacy in pivotal trial. Over 4 billion doses distributed. Updated JN.1-adapted formulation for 2024-25 season.
Developer: Moderna / NIAID | Platform: mRNA-LNP
Second mRNA vaccine. 94.1% efficacy. Standard freezer storage (-20°C). Over 1 billion doses distributed. First Moderna product approved, validating platform for future vaccines.
Developer: University of Oxford / AstraZeneca | Platform: ChAdOx1 viral vector
Refrigerator storage (2-8°C) enabling global distribution. 60-80% efficacy. Over 3 billion doses manufactured. COVAX backbone for resource-limited settings.
Developer: Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) | Platform: Ad26 viral vector
Single-dose vaccine. 66% efficacy overall, 85% vs severe disease. Withdrawn from US market May 2023 due to rare safety concerns (TTS) and low demand.
Developer: Novavax | Platform: Recombinant protein nanoparticle
Traditional protein platform with Matrix-M adjuvant. 90% efficacy vs original strain. Alternative for those preferring non-mRNA technology. Updated JN.1 formulation approved 2024.
Developer: Sinovac Biotech (China) | Platform: Inactivated virus
Traditional inactivated platform. 51-84% efficacy. Over 2 billion doses distributed primarily in China, Southeast Asia, Latin America. Important for global access where mRNA not available.
Developer: Sinopharm / Beijing Institute (China) | Platform: Inactivated virus
79% efficacy in Phase 3 trials. Over 1 billion doses distributed. Widely used in China, Middle East, and developing countries. First Chinese COVID vaccine to receive WHO emergency listing.
Developers: Multiple (Codagenix, Bharat Biotech, others) | Route: Intranasal
Nasal spray vaccines inducing mucosal immunity. Could block transmission more effectively than injectable vaccines. China approved iNCOVACC (BBV154) September 2022. Multiple candidates in late-stage trials.
Developers: Caltech, Duke, Walter Reed, others | Goal: Universal protection
Vaccines targeting conserved regions across coronavirus family. Could protect against SARS-CoV-2 variants plus future pandemic coronaviruses. Mosaic nanoparticle approaches in early clinical trials.
Developers: Arcturus, Gritstone, Imperial College | Platform: saRNA
Next-generation mRNA with self-replication capability. Arcturus ARCT-154 (KOSTAIVE) approved in Japan 2023. Lower doses required due to RNA amplification inside cells.