#1. Which of the following is the most common cause of acute renal failure?
#2. What laboratory finding is most consistent with chronic kidney disease?
#3. Which electrolyte disturbance is commonly seen in end-stage renal disease?
#4. Which symptom is most indicative of uremia in renal failure?
#5. In pre-renal acute kidney injury, what is the typical BUN:Creatinine ratio?
#6. Which of the following is the most common cause of acute renal failure?
#7. What laboratory finding is most consistent with chronic kidney disease?
#8. Which electrolyte disturbance is commonly seen in end-stage renal disease?
#9. Which symptom is most indicative of uremia in renal failure?
#10. In pre-renal acute kidney injury, what is the typical BUN:Creatinine ratio?
#11. A 65-year-old man with diabetes presents with progressive fatigue and swelling in his legs. Labs show elevated BUN and creatinine. What is the most likely diagnosis?
#12. A 22-year-old man develops hematuria and RBC casts after a sore throat. What is the most likely diagnosis?
#13. Which of the following is most specific for nephrotic syndrome?
#14. A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus presents with proteinuria and hematuria. What is the most likely cause of her renal findings?
#15. A patient with recent NSAID use presents with fever, rash, and eosinophils in the urine. What is the likely diagnosis?
#16. A 70-year-old man has an eGFR of 45 mL/min/1.73m². What stage of CKD is this?
#17. Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis of pre-renal azotemia?
#18. Which of the following drugs is contraindicated in bilateral renal artery stenosis?
#19. A 40-year-old man with gout develops acute kidney injury after starting a new medication. Which is most likely?
#20. Which acid-base disturbance is typical of chronic kidney disease?
#21. Which of the following is a common complication of hemodialysis?
#22. A 50-year-old with uncontrolled hypertension presents with progressive renal failure. What is the most likely histological finding?
#23. Which lab abnormality is most consistent with nephrotic syndrome?
#24. Which of the following is the best initial imaging for suspected obstructive uropathy?
#25. A child presents with periorbital edema and proteinuria. What is the most likely diagnosis?
#26. Which of the following best describes the treatment for hyperkalemia in renal failure?
#27. A 35-year-old man with HIV develops nephrotic-range proteinuria. What is the most likely diagnosis?
#28. A patient with polycystic kidney disease has gross hematuria. What is the most likely complication?
#29. What is the first-line treatment for anemia in chronic kidney disease?
#30. A 28-year-old man presents with hematuria, hearing loss, and ocular abnormalities. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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