General Health Hazards What is the primary cause of fatalities in house fires? A) Burns B) Smoke inhalation C) Falling debris D) Carbon monoxide poisoning Answer: B Which toxic gas is commonly released during house fires and can cause asphyxiation? A) Hydrogen B) Carbon monoxide C) Methane D) Sulfur dioxide Answer: B What is the… Read More »
What does STROBE stand for? A) Standardized Testing of Research and Observational Bias Evaluation B) Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology C) Systematic Trials of Research and Observational Biology Efforts D) Statistical Reporting of Baseline Epidemiology Answer: B The STROBE checklist is primarily designed for reporting: A) Randomized controlled trials B) Observational studies… Read More »
What does the acronym CONSORT stand for? A) Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials B) Comprehensive Standards for Randomized Trials C) Clinical Standards for Research Trials D) Consolidated Study of Randomized Trials Answer: A The CONSORT checklist is primarily designed for reporting: A) Observational studies B) Randomized controlled trials C) Systematic reviews D) Case reports Answer:… Read More »
What is diastema? A) Tooth discoloration B) Space between two teeth C) Overlapping of teeth D) Misaligned bite Answer: B The most common site for diastema in the oral cavity is: A) Mandibular central incisors B) Maxillary central incisors C) Maxillary molars D) Mandibular molars Answer: B Which of the following conditions can cause diastema?… Read More »
Pathophysiology and Virology 1. Which family does the Ebola virus belong to?A) FlaviviridaeB) FiloviridaeC) ParamyxoviridaeD) TogaviridaeAnswer: B 2. What is the primary mode of transmission of Ebola virus among humans?A) AerosolB) Fecal-oralC) Direct contact with bodily fluidsD) Contaminated waterAnswer: C 3. Which protein facilitates the Ebola virus entry into host cells?A) NP proteinB) GP proteinC)… Read More »
Question: A 30-year-old male presents with multiple lacerations and abrasions after a motorcycle accident. He is alert and oriented but has a deformity of the left leg. What is the first step in his management? Answer: The first step is to assess the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs), followed by stabilization of the leg… Read More »
Question: A 45-year-old man presents with scabies. What is the recommended treatment for scabies? Answer: Ivermectin is an oral treatment option for scabies, typically given as a single dose, with a repeat dose after one week if necessary. Question: A 30-year-old woman is diagnosed with strongyloidiasis. What is the first-line treatment for this infection? Answer:… Read More »
Question: A 4-year-old child presents with fever, cough, and wheezing. A rapid respiratory viral panel test is positive for metapneumovirus. What is the typical clinical presentation of metapneumovirus infection? Answer: The typical clinical presentation includes fever, cough, wheezing, rhinorrhea, and sometimes difficulty breathing, often resembling other respiratory viruses like RSV. Question: An 8-month-old infant with… Read More »
Question: A 35-year-old man presents with a 4-day history of fever, headache, and a characteristic rash that started on his face and spread to his palms and soles. He has recently returned from West Africa. What is the most likely diagnosis? Answer: Mpox (Monkeypox), given the rash distribution and travel history to an endemic area.… Read More »
Product Overview The “IV Insertion Practice Kit for Nursing Students” offers a practical, hands-on method for learning venipuncture and intravenous (IV) insertion techniques. Designed to simulate basic vascular access procedures, it includes synthetic materials that approximate the feel of veins, plus the necessary accessories for practicing proper insertion, securement, and removal procedures. Key Features Realistic… Read More »
Product Overview The “Suture Practice Kit for Medical Students,” which includes a large silicone pad, suture threads, a full tool kit, a knot board, and a video course, is designed to help learners develop fundamental skills in suturing and wound closure. This kit aims to replicate various tissue textures, wound types, and surgical techniques commonly… Read More »
Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action A patient with a history of penicillin allergy presents with a severe bacterial infection. Which mechanism of action allows Dalacin to be a suitable alternative? a) Inhibition of bacterial DNA synthesis b) Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis at the 50S ribosome c) Disruption of the bacterial cell wall d) Inhibition… Read More »
Basics of Liquid Biopsy What is a liquid biopsy? a) Imaging of organs b) Non-invasive sampling of biological fluids c) Surgical removal of tissue d) Analysis of cell cultures Answer: b Which of the following is the most common biological fluid used in liquid biopsy? a) Urine b) Blood c) Saliva d) Cerebrospinal fluid Answer:… Read More »
Basics of ctDNA What does ctDNA stand for? a) Circulating tumor DNA b) Cellular tumor DNA c) Complex tumor DNA d) Cancerous tissue DNA Answer: a ctDNA is a subset of: a) RNA fragments b) Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) c) Genomic DNA d) Mitochondrial DNA Answer: b ctDNA originates from: a) Healthy cells b) Immune cells… Read More »
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) refers to small fragments of DNA shed by cancer cells into the bloodstream. It is a component of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and can be isolated through non-invasive methods such as liquid biopsies. ctDNA reflects the genetic alterations present in tumors, including mutations, copy number changes, and structural rearrangements. It has become… Read More »
Which statement best describes paraplegia? A. Paralysis of all four limbs B. Paralysis of one side of the body C. Paralysis of the lower limbs D. Inability to speak due to motor cortex damage Answer: C Which spinal cord segments are most commonly associated with paraplegia? A. Cervical segments C1–C4 B. Thoracic, lumbar, or sacral… Read More »
Section 1: Basics of PICC Line 1. What does PICC stand for?a) Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation Catheterb) Peripherally Inserted Central Catheterc) Peripheral Infusion Controlled Catheterd) Peripheral Internal Central CatheterAnswer: b 2. Where is the tip of a correctly placed PICC line located?a) Right atriumb) Superior vena cavac) Inferior vena cavad) Subclavian veinAnswer: b 3. What is… Read More »
— Pathophysiology and Microbiology 1. What is the most common causative organism of spinal epidural abscesses?a) Staphylococcus aureusb) Escherichia colic) Mycobacterium tuberculosisd) Streptococcus pneumoniae 2. Which condition is NOT a predisposing factor for the development of an epidural abscess?a) Intravenous drug useb) Diabetes mellitusc) Hyperthyroidismd) Immunosuppression 3. How do most spinal epidural abscesses originate?a) Direct… Read More »
Pathophysiology and Microbiology 1. Which virulence factor of H. pylori is associated with increased gastric cancer risk?a) Ureaseb) VacAc) CagAd) Flagella 2. What is the primary role of H. pylori urease in gastric colonization?a) Inhibits acid secretionb) Converts urea to ammoniac) Enhances mucosal adherenced) Disrupts tight junctions 3. H. pylori predominantly colonizes which part of… Read More »
Clinical Application 1. A neonate presents with severe jaundice within the first 24 hours of life. How would cord blood analysis help identify the underlying cause, such as hemolytic disease of the newborn? 2. A mother with gestational diabetes delivers a macrosomic baby. Discuss how cord blood glucose levels and insulin measurements can inform neonatal… Read More »