1. A 65-year-old woman with a history of early menopause presents with back pain and height loss. Radiographs show vertebral compression fractures. Which bone resorption marker would you expect to be elevated? 2. A patient on long-term glucocorticoid therapy for rheumatoid arthritis is at risk for: 3. In a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism, how does… Read More »
Basic Concepts of Herd Immunity What is herd immunity? A) Immunity developed after natural infection B) Protection of susceptible individuals due to a high proportion of immune individuals in a population C) Immunity acquired through vaccination only D) A type of genetic immunity Which of the following is essential for herd immunity? A) High vaccine… Read More »
1. What is the primary ethical concern when using AI in healthcare? a) Speed of diagnosis b) Cost of implementation c) Patient privacy and data security d) Availability of AI tools Answer: c) Patient privacy and data security 2. Which principle ensures that AI systems in healthcare do not discriminate against patients based on race,… Read More »
1. A 45-year-old man with terminal pancreatic cancer requests assistance in ending his life. He is mentally competent and fully understands his prognosis. Which ethical principle primarily supports respecting his autonomy in this situation? A. Beneficence B. Nonmaleficence C. Autonomy D. Justice Answer: C. Autonomy Explanation: Autonomy refers to the patient’s right to make decisions… Read More »
Pathophysiology and Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis and Evaluation Management and Treatment Complications and Prognosis Research and Emerging Therapies Miscellaneous
1. What is the primary cause of hypothermia during a snow blizzard? a) Heat exhaustionb) Prolonged exposure to cold temperaturesc) Excessive hydrationd) Overheating Answer: b) Prolonged exposure to cold temperatures 2. Frostbite primarily affects which parts of the body? a) Chest and abdomenb) Eyes and earsc) Extremities like fingers, toes, nose, and earsd)… Read More »
Tooth Morphology
General Health Hazards What is the primary cause of fatalities in house fires? A) Burns B) Smoke inhalation C) Falling debris D) Carbon monoxide poisoning Answer: B Which toxic gas is commonly released during house fires and can cause asphyxiation? A) Hydrogen B) Carbon monoxide C) Methane D) Sulfur dioxide Answer: B What is the… Read More »
What does STROBE stand for? A) Standardized Testing of Research and Observational Bias Evaluation B) Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology C) Systematic Trials of Research and Observational Biology Efforts D) Statistical Reporting of Baseline Epidemiology Answer: B The STROBE checklist is primarily designed for reporting: A) Randomized controlled trials B) Observational studies… Read More »
What does the acronym CONSORT stand for? A) Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials B) Comprehensive Standards for Randomized Trials C) Clinical Standards for Research Trials D) Consolidated Study of Randomized Trials Answer: A The CONSORT checklist is primarily designed for reporting: A) Observational studies B) Randomized controlled trials C) Systematic reviews D) Case reports Answer:… Read More »
What is diastema? A) Tooth discoloration B) Space between two teeth C) Overlapping of teeth D) Misaligned bite Answer: B The most common site for diastema in the oral cavity is: A) Mandibular central incisors B) Maxillary central incisors C) Maxillary molars D) Mandibular molars Answer: B Which of the following conditions can cause diastema?… Read More »
Pathophysiology and Virology 1. Which family does the Ebola virus belong to?A) FlaviviridaeB) FiloviridaeC) ParamyxoviridaeD) TogaviridaeAnswer: B 2. What is the primary mode of transmission of Ebola virus among humans?A) AerosolB) Fecal-oralC) Direct contact with bodily fluidsD) Contaminated waterAnswer: C 3. Which protein facilitates the Ebola virus entry into host cells?A) NP proteinB) GP proteinC)… Read More »
Question: A 30-year-old male presents with multiple lacerations and abrasions after a motorcycle accident. He is alert and oriented but has a deformity of the left leg. What is the first step in his management? Answer: The first step is to assess the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs), followed by stabilization of the leg… Read More »
Question: A 45-year-old man presents with scabies. What is the recommended treatment for scabies? Answer: Ivermectin is an oral treatment option for scabies, typically given as a single dose, with a repeat dose after one week if necessary. Question: A 30-year-old woman is diagnosed with strongyloidiasis. What is the first-line treatment for this infection? Answer:… Read More »
Question: A 4-year-old child presents with fever, cough, and wheezing. A rapid respiratory viral panel test is positive for metapneumovirus. What is the typical clinical presentation of metapneumovirus infection? Answer: The typical clinical presentation includes fever, cough, wheezing, rhinorrhea, and sometimes difficulty breathing, often resembling other respiratory viruses like RSV. Question: An 8-month-old infant with… Read More »
Question: A 35-year-old man presents with a 4-day history of fever, headache, and a characteristic rash that started on his face and spread to his palms and soles. He has recently returned from West Africa. What is the most likely diagnosis? Answer: Mpox (Monkeypox), given the rash distribution and travel history to an endemic area.… Read More »
Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action A patient with a history of penicillin allergy presents with a severe bacterial infection. Which mechanism of action allows Dalacin to be a suitable alternative? a) Inhibition of bacterial DNA synthesis b) Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis at the 50S ribosome c) Disruption of the bacterial cell wall d) Inhibition… Read More »
Basics of Liquid Biopsy What is a liquid biopsy? a) Imaging of organs b) Non-invasive sampling of biological fluids c) Surgical removal of tissue d) Analysis of cell cultures Answer: b Which of the following is the most common biological fluid used in liquid biopsy? a) Urine b) Blood c) Saliva d) Cerebrospinal fluid Answer:… Read More »
Basics of ctDNA What does ctDNA stand for? a) Circulating tumor DNA b) Cellular tumor DNA c) Complex tumor DNA d) Cancerous tissue DNA Answer: a ctDNA is a subset of: a) RNA fragments b) Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) c) Genomic DNA d) Mitochondrial DNA Answer: b ctDNA originates from: a) Healthy cells b) Immune cells… Read More »
Which statement best describes paraplegia? A. Paralysis of all four limbs B. Paralysis of one side of the body C. Paralysis of the lower limbs D. Inability to speak due to motor cortex damage Answer: C Which spinal cord segments are most commonly associated with paraplegia? A. Cervical segments C1–C4 B. Thoracic, lumbar, or sacral… Read More »