Which of the following virus families does Congovirus belong to? A) Filoviridae B) Flaviviridae C) Coronaviridae D) Rhabdoviridae E) Paramyxoviridae The Congovirus outbreak in 2018-2020 primarily affected which country? A) Nigeria B) Democratic Republic of Congo C) Uganda D) Sudan E) Kenya Which of the following is the primary mode of transmission for Congovirus? A)… Read More »
Which of the following bacteria is most commonly associated with dental caries? A) Streptococcus mutans B) Porphyromonas gingivalis C) Actinomyces viscosus D) Fusobacterium nucleatum E) Treponema denticola A patient presents with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG). Which of the following microorganisms is most likely to be involved? A) Streptococcus sanguis B) Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans C) Prevotella… Read More »
A 45-year-old male presents with severe right flank pain. Imaging reveals a 7mm renal stone. What is the most appropriate initial management? A. Observation B. Ureteroscopy C. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy D. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) E. Open surgery Which of the following is a contraindication to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)? A. Pregnancy B. Hypertension… Read More »
1. A 2-year-old boy weighing 12 kg is prescribed amoxicillin for acute otitis media. The recommended dosage is 80-90 mg/kg/day divided into two doses. What is the appropriate dose per administration? A) 240 mg B) 480 mg C) 540 mg D) 720 mg E) 1080 mg 2. A 6-month-old infant weighing 7 kg needs acetaminophen… Read More »
What is the first step in Basic Life Support? a) Call for help b) Check for responsiveness c) Start chest compressions d) Give rescue breaths What is the recommended rate for chest compressions during CPR? a) 60-80 per minute b) 80-100 per minute c) 100-120 per minute d) 120-140 per minute How deep should chest… Read More »
What does the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) measure in gestational ultrasound? A) Blood flow between the brain and the heart B) Ratio of blood flow between the fetal middle cerebral artery and the umbilical artery C) Blood flow from the placenta to the fetus D) Blood flow between the fetal lungs and liver What is the… Read More »
1. A 65-year-old male presents with painless lymphadenopathy and night sweats. A lymph node biopsy reveals a diffuse proliferation of large B cells with a high mitotic index. Which translocation is most likely associated with this condition? 2. A patient with B cell lymphoma has a flow cytometry report showing CD19+, CD20+, CD10+, and BCL6+… Read More »
1. Which of the following is not a type of renal dialysis? A) Hemodialysis B) Peritoneal dialysis C) Renal transplantation D) Conservative management 2. Hemodialysis access is usually achieved through: A) Arteriovenous fistula B) Peritoneal catheter C) Renal vein catheterization D) Renal artery bypass 3. All of the following are indications for initiation of dialysis… Read More »
1. A 28-year-old woman presents for a routine prenatal ultrasound at 20 weeks’ gestation. The ultrasound shows a single umbilical artery. The most appropriate next step is: A. Amniocentesis B. Detailed fetal echocardiogram C. Repeat ultrasound in 4 weeks D. No further action required 2. A 32-year-old woman presents for a prenatal ultrasound at 18… Read More »
1. A 45-year-old woman presents with chronic cough and hemoptysis. A chest radiograph shows a spiculated mass in the right upper lobe. The most appropriate next step in the management of this patient is: A. CT-guided biopsy B. Bronchoscopy C. Surgical resection D. Watchful waiting 2. A 60-year-old man with a history of smoking presents… Read More »
1. Which of the following BEST describes a public health approach to dental care? A) focuses on individual treatment B) emphasizes prevention for populations C) provides care primarily through private practices D) relies on out-of-pocket payments from patients 2. Which group is MOST vulnerable to poor oral health outcomes according to Healthy People 2020 objectives?… Read More »
1. A researcher wants to investigate the effect of a new medication on blood pressure. Which of the following is the most appropriate null hypothesis? A) The new medication has no effect on blood pressure. B) The new medication significantly lowers blood pressure. C) The new medication significantly raises blood pressure. D) The new… Read More »
1. Which of the following is NOT used in sample size calculation? a) Type I error rate b) Type II error rate c) Randomization ratio d) Hypothesized difference between groups 2. The Type I error rate is usually set at: a) 0.05 b) 0.01 c) 0.1 d) 0.2 3. The Type II error rate is… Read More »
1. A 55-year-old man with a history of alcohol abuse presents with new-onset ascites. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? A. Initiate diuretic therapy B. Recommend large-volume paracentesis C. Recommend liver transplantation D. Recommend salt restriction and fluid restriction E. Recommend transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) 2. A 62-year-old… Read More »
1. A 65-year-old man with cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis C is found to have a 3 cm liver mass on routine abdominal imaging. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? A. Initiate treatment with sorafenib B. Perform contrast-enhanced CT or MRI of the abdomen C. Recommend liver biopsy D. Recommend… Read More »
1. A 55-year-old man with alcohol-related cirrhosis presents with new-onset ascites. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? A. Initiate diuretic therapy B. Recommend large-volume paracentesis C. Recommend liver transplantation D. Recommend salt restriction and fluid restriction E. Recommend transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) 2. A 62-year-old woman with decompensated… Read More »
1. A 35-year-old man presents with acute hepatitis, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. Serologic testing is positive for IgM anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? A. Initiate treatment with ribavirin B. Initiate treatment with pegylated interferon C. Recommend hospitalization for supportive care D. Recommend liver… Read More »
1. A 55-year-old man presents with fatigue and jaundice. Laboratory tests reveal elevated AST, ALT, and bilirubin levels. Hepatitis C antibody is positive, and HCV RNA is detected. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? A. Initiate treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin B. Initiate treatment with sofosbuvir and ledipasvir… Read More »
1. A 35-year-old man is found to have positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and positive hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) on routine screening. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? A. Initiate treatment with pegylated interferon B. Initiate treatment with entecavir C. Initiate treatment with lamivudine D. Recommend hepatitis… Read More »
1. A 30-year-old man presents with 1 week of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Physical examination reveals scleral icterus and hepatomegaly. Laboratory testing shows elevated transaminases and positive IgM anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies. Which of the following is the most appropriate management? A. Initiate treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin B. Initiate treatment with… Read More »