1. A 5-year-old child presents with acute flaccid paralysis of the lower extremities. Which of the following viruses is the most likely causative agent?
A. Influenza virus
B. Poliovirus
C. Rotavirus
D. Varicella-zoster virus
2. A 3-year-old child has not received any vaccinations. Which of the following vaccines is recommended to prevent polio?
A. Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine
B. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine
C. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)
D. Varicella vaccine
3. A 2-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with fever, headache, and stiff neck. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis reveals pleocytosis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Polio
B. Guillain-Barré syndrome
C. Transverse myelitis
D. Meningitis
4. A 6-month-old infant receives the first dose of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). When should the next dose be administered?
A. 2 months after the first dose
B. 6 months after the first dose
C. 12 months after the first dose
D. 18 months after the first dose
5. A 4-year-old child presents with acute flaccid paralysis of the right arm. Which of the following is the most likely site of poliovirus infection?
A. Gastrointestinal tract
B. Respiratory tract
C. Central nervous system
D. Musculoskeletal system
6. A 7-year-old child is diagnosed with polio. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
A. Antiviral therapy
B. Antibiotics
C. Supportive care
D. Corticosteroids
7. A 10-year-old child presents with weakness and muscle atrophy in the left leg. The parents report a history of polio during infancy. Which of the following is the most likely complication?
A. Post-polio syndrome
B. Guillain-Barré syndrome
C. Transverse myelitis
D. Multiple sclerosis
8. A 2-year-old child is brought to the clinic for routine vaccinations. Which of the following is the recommended schedule for the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)?
A. 2, 4, 6, and 12 months
B. 2, 4, 6, and 18 months
C. 2, 4, 6, and 24 months
D. 2, 4, 6, 12, and 18 months
9. A 1-year-old child presents with acute flaccid paralysis of the left leg. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Polio
B. Guillain-Barré syndrome
C. Transverse myelitis
D. Traumatic injury
10. A 6-year-old child is diagnosed with polio. Which of the following is the most common complication?
A. Respiratory failure
B. Cardiac arrest
C. Seizures
D. Coma
11. A 8-month-old infant is brought to the clinic for routine vaccinations. The parents are hesitant about receiving the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). Which of the following is the most appropriate response?
A. Reassure the parents that the vaccine is safe and effective
B. Respect the parents’ decision and do not administer the vaccine
C. Recommend delaying the vaccine until the child is older
D. Suggest an alternative schedule for the vaccine
12. A 3-year-old child presents with acute flaccid paralysis of the right leg. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis reveals pleocytosis. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. Initiate antiviral therapy
B. Perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine
C. Administer corticosteroids
D. Refer for physical therapy
13. A 5-year-old child is diagnosed with polio. Which of the following is the most likely mode of transmission?
A. Airborne droplets
B. Direct contact with respiratory secretions
C. Fecal-oral route
D. Contaminated food or water
14. A 7-year-old child presents with muscle weakness and fatigue several years after recovering from polio. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Post-polio syndrome
B. Guillain-Barré syndrome
C. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
D. Multiple sclerosis
15. A 2-year-old child is brought to the clinic for routine vaccinations. The parents refuse the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) due to concerns about adverse effects. Which of the following is the most appropriate response?
A. Respect the parents’ decision and do not administer the vaccine
B. Recommend delaying the vaccine until the child is older
C. Educate the parents about the risks and benefits of the vaccine
D. Suggest an alternative schedule for the vaccine
16. A 4-year-old child presents with acute flaccid paralysis of the left arm and leg. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Polio
B. Guillain-Barré syndrome
C. Transverse myelitis
D. Traumatic injury
17. A 6-year-old child is diagnosed with polio. Which of the following is the most appropriate management for respiratory failure?
A. Mechanical ventilation
B. Oxygen therapy
C. Bronchodilators
D. Corticosteroids
18. A 1-year-old child presents with fever and irritability. The parents report that the child recently received the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). Which of the following is the most likely adverse effect?
A. Seizures
B. Anaphylaxis
C. Fever and irritability
D. Encephalitis
19. A 3-year-old child presents with acute flaccid paralysis of the right arm and leg. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis reveals pleocytosis. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. Initiate antiviral therapy
B. Perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spine
C. Administer corticosteroids
D. Refer for physical therapy
20. A 8-year-old child is diagnosed with polio. Which of the following is the most important factor in determining the prognosis?
A. Age at the time of infection
B. Severity of paralysis
C. Presence of respiratory involvement
D. Time since onset of symptoms
21. A 6-month-old infant is brought to the clinic for routine vaccinations. The parents are concerned about the safety of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). Which of the following is the most appropriate response?
A. Reassure the parents that the vaccine is safe and effective
B. Respect the parents’ decision and do not administer the vaccine
C. Recommend delaying the vaccine until the child is older
D. Suggest an alternative schedule for the vaccine
22. A 5-year-old child presents with acute flaccid paralysis of the right leg. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. Initiate antiviral therapy
B. Perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine
C. Administer corticosteroids
D. Refer for physical therapy
23. A 7-year-old child is diagnosed with polio. Which of the following is the most appropriate management for muscle weakness and atrophy?
A. Physical therapy
B. Occupational therapy
C. Speech therapy
D. Both A and B
24. A 4-year-old child presents with acute flaccid paralysis of the left arm and leg. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis reveals pleocytosis. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. Initiate antiviral therapy
B. Perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spine
C. Administer corticosteroids
D. Refer for physical therapy