1. Which of the following is an essential component of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC)?
a) Monoclonal antibody
b) Cytotoxic drug
c) Linker
d) All of the above
2. The mechanism of action of ADCs primarily relies on:
a) Targeting specific antigens on cancer cells
b) Non-specific cytotoxicity
c) Inhibiting cell division
d) Inducing apoptosis in all cells
3. Which of the following is NOT a currently approved ADC for the treatment of cancer?
a) Brentuximab vedotin
b) Trastuzumab emtansine
c) Inotuzumab ozogamicin
d) Bevacizumab-MMAE
4. The linker in an ADC plays a crucial role in:
a) Binding the antibody to the target antigen
b) Stabilizing the cytotoxic drug
c) Releasing the cytotoxic drug inside the target cell
d) Both b and c
5. ADCs are designed to improve the therapeutic index by:
a) Increasing the cytotoxicity of the drug
b) Enhancing the specificity of the drug to cancer cells
c) Reducing the risk of adverse effects
d) Both b and c
6. Which of the following is a potential advantage of ADCs over conventional chemotherapy?
a) Reduced systemic toxicity
b) Improved tumor penetration
c) Targeted delivery of cytotoxic drugs
d) All of the above
7. The target antigen for the ADC brentuximab vedotin is:
a) CD30
b) HER2
c) EGFR
d) VEGF
8. Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with ADCs?
a) Neutropenia
b) Neuropathy
c) Cardiotoxicity
d) All of the above
9. The cytotoxic payload in the ADC trastuzumab emtansine is:
a) Mertansine (DM1)
b) Calicheamicin
c) Auristatin
d) Doxorubicin
10. ADCs are typically used in the treatment of which types of cancer?
a) Solid tumors
b) Hematological malignancies
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
11. The process of developing an ADC involves:
a) Identifying a suitable target antigen
b) Selecting an appropriate cytotoxic drug
c) Optimizing the linker chemistry
d) All of the above
12. Which of the following is a potential limitation of ADCs?
a) Immunogenicity
b) Resistance mechanisms
c) Heterogeneous antigen expression
d) All of the above
13. The mechanism by which ADCs release their cytotoxic payload inside target cells is:
a) Receptor-mediated endocytosis
b) Passive diffusion
c) Enzymatic cleavage
d) Both a and c
14. Which of the following is a factor that can influence the efficacy of an ADC?
a) Antigen expression levels
b) Internalization rate of the ADC
c) Drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR)
d) All of the above
15. The development of ADCs aims to:
a) Increase the therapeutic window
b) Minimize off-target effects
c) Improve patient outcomes
d) All of the above
16. Which of the following is a potential strategy to overcome resistance to ADCs?
a) Combination therapy with other targeted agents
b) Increasing the dose of the ADC
c) Switching to a different ADC with a different target antigen
d) All of the above
17. The linker in an ADC should ideally be:
a) Stable in circulation
b) Cleavable inside the target cell
c) Non-immunogenic
d) All of the above
18. ADCs are typically administered:
a) Intravenously
b) Orally
c) Subcutaneously
d) Intramuscularly
19. Which of the following is a potential challenge in the development of ADCs?
a) Identifying appropriate target antigens
b) Optimizing the drug-to-antibody ratio
c) Minimizing off-target toxicity
d) All of the above
20. The future of ADCs may involve:
a) Exploring new target antigens
b) Developing novel linker technologies
c) Combining ADCs with other therapeutic modalities
d) All of the above
Answers:
1. d) All of the above
2. a) Targeting specific antigens on cancer cells
3. d) Bevacizumab-MMAE
4. d) Both b and c
5. d) Both b and c
6. d) All of the above
7. a) CD30
8. d) All of the above
9. a) Mertansine (DM1)
10. c) Both a and b
11. d) All of the above
12. d) All of the above
13. d) Both a and c
14. d) All of the above
15. d) All of the above
16. d) All of the above
17. d) All of the above
18. a) Intravenously
19. d) All of the above
20. d) All of the above