1. A newborn infant presents with cyanosis and a harsh systolic murmur at the left upper sternal border. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Atrial septal defect
b) Tetralogy of Fallot
c) Ventricular septal defect
d) Coarctation of the aorta
2. A 2-year-old child is brought in for evaluation of a heart murmur. On examination, the murmur is loudest at the left lower sternal border with radiation to the back. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Aortic stenosis
b) Pulmonary stenosis
c) Ventricular septal defect
d) Patent ductus arteriosus
3. A 6-month-old infant presents with failure to thrive and recurrent respiratory infections. On examination, there is a harsh systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Coarctation of the aorta
b) Atrial septal defect
c) Aortic stenosis
d) Tricuspid atresia
4. A 3-year-old child is brought in for evaluation of a heart murmur. On examination, there is a harsh systolic murmur at the left lower sternal border with a thrill. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Ventricular septal defect
b) Patent ductus arteriosus
c) Aortic stenosis
d) Atrial septal defect
5. A newborn infant presents with cyanosis and a continuous machinery-like murmur at the left upper sternal border. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Tetralogy of Fallot
b) Patent ductus arteriosus
c) Aortic stenosis
d) Ventricular septal defect
6. A 6-month-old infant presents with failure to thrive and recurrent respiratory infections. On examination, there is a harsh systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border and a single second heart sound. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Aortic stenosis
b) Pulmonary stenosis
c) Ventricular septal defect
d) Atrial septal defect
7. A newborn infant presents with cyanosis and a harsh systolic murmur at the left upper sternal border. On echocardiogram, there is a large membranous ventricular septal defect with an overriding aorta. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Tetralogy of Fallot
b) Transposition of the great arteries
c) Truncus arteriosus
d) Double outlet right ventricle
8. A 2-year-old child is brought in for evaluation of a heart murmur. On examination, there is a harsh systolic murmur at the left upper sternal border with a single second heart sound. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Aortic stenosis
b) Pulmonary stenosis
c) Ventricular septal defect
d) Atrial septal defect
9. A 3-month-old infant presents with cyanosis and a harsh systolic murmur at the left upper sternal border. On echocardiogram, there is a large ventricular septal defect with pulmonary stenosis. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Tetralogy of Fallot
b) Truncus arteriosus
c) Double outlet right ventricle
d) Transposition of the great arteries
10. A newborn infant presents with cyanosis and a harsh systolic murmur at the left upper sternal border. On echocardiogram, there is a large membranous ventricular septal defect with an overriding aorta and pulmonary stenosis. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Tetralogy of Fallot
b) Truncus arteriosus
c) Double outlet right ventricle
d) Transposition of the great arteries
11. A 6-month-old infant presents with failure to thrive and recurrent respiratory infections. On examination, there is a harsh systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border and a single second heart sound. On echocardiogram, there is a thickened and domed aortic valve. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Aortic stenosis
b) Pulmonary stenosis
c) Ventricular septal defect
d) Atrial septal defect
12. A 2-year-old child is brought in for evaluation of a heart murmur. On examination, there is a harsh systolic murmur at the left upper sternal border with radiation to the back. On echocardiogram, there is a large membranous ventricular septal defect with an overriding aorta and pulmonary stenosis. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Tetralogy of Fallot
b) Truncus arteriosus
c) Double outlet right ventricle
d) Transposition of the great arteries
13. A newborn infant presents with cyanosis and a harsh systolic murmur at the left upper sternal border. On echocardiogram, there is a single great artery arising from the heart with a large ventricular septal defect. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Tetralogy of Fallot
b) Truncus arteriosus
c) Double outlet right ventricle
d) Transposition of the great arteries
14. A 3-month-old infant presents with cyanosis and a harsh systolic murmur at the left upper sternal border. On echocardiogram, there is a large ventricular septal defect with an overriding aorta and pulmonary atresia. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Tetralogy of Fallot
b) Truncus arteriosus
c) Double outlet right ventricle
d) Transposition of the great arteries
15. A newborn infant presents with cyanosis and a harsh systolic murmur at the left upper sternal border. On echocardiogram, there is a large ventricular septal defect with an overriding aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Tetralogy of Fallot
b) Truncus arteriosus
c) Double outlet right ventricle
d) Transposition of the great arteries
16. A 6-month-old infant presents with failure to thrive and recurrent respiratory infections. On examination, there is a harsh systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border and a single second heart sound. On echocardiogram, there is a thickened and domed pulmonary valve. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Aortic stenosis
b) Pulmonary stenosis
c) Ventricular septal defect
d) Atrial septal defect
17. A 2-year-old child is brought in for evaluation of a heart murmur. On examination, there is a harsh systolic murmur at the left upper sternal border with radiation to the back. On echocardiogram, there is a large membranous ventricular septal defect with an overriding aorta and pulmonary atresia. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Tetralogy of Fallot
b) Truncus arteriosus
c) Double outlet right ventricle
d) Transposition of the great arteries
18. A newborn infant presents with cyanosis and a harsh systolic murmur at the left upper sternal border. On echocardiogram, there is a large ventricular septal defect with an overriding aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy. Additionally, there is pulmonary stenosis. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely?
a) Tetralogy of Fallot
b) Truncus arteriosus
c) Double outlet right ventricle
d) Transposition
Here are the answers to the 20 USMLE-style multiple choice questions on congenital heart disease:
1. b) Tetralogy of Fallot
2. d) Patent ductus arteriosus
3. c) Aortic stenosis
4. c) Aortic stenosis
5. b) Patent ductus arteriosus
6. a) Aortic stenosis
7. a) Tetralogy of Fallot
8. a) Aortic stenosis
9. a) Tetralogy of Fallot
10. a) Tetralogy of Fallot
11. a) Aortic stenosis
12. a) Tetralogy of Fallot
13. b) Truncus arteriosus
14. a) Tetralogy of Fallot
15. a) Tetralogy of Fallot
16. b) Pulmonary stenosis
17. a) Tetralogy of Fallot
18. a) Tetralogy of Fallot