Pathophysiology and Virology
1. Which family does the Ebola virus belong to?
A) Flaviviridae
B) Filoviridae
C) Paramyxoviridae
D) Togaviridae
Answer: B
2. What is the primary mode of transmission of Ebola virus among humans?
A) Aerosol
B) Fecal-oral
C) Direct contact with bodily fluids
D) Contaminated water
Answer: C
3. Which protein facilitates the Ebola virus entry into host cells?
A) NP protein
B) GP protein
C) VP24 protein
D) VP30 protein
Answer: B
4. Ebola virus primarily targets which type of immune cells early in infection?
A) B cells
B) T cells
C) Macrophages and dendritic cells
D) Neutrophils
Answer: C
5. Which of the following describes the genome of the Ebola virus?
A) Single-stranded positive-sense RNA
B) Single-stranded negative-sense RNA
C) Double-stranded RNA
D) Double-stranded DNA
Answer: B
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Epidemiology
6. Ebola virus was first identified in which year?
A) 1974
B) 1976
C) 1983
D) 1991
Answer: B
7. The first recorded outbreak of the Ebola virus occurred in which country?
A) Sudan
B) Democratic Republic of Congo
C) Uganda
D) Guinea
Answer: B
8. Which of the following is the natural reservoir of the Ebola virus?
A) Rodents
B) Primates
C) Fruit bats
D) Mosquitoes
Answer: C
9. Which strain of Ebola virus is non-pathogenic to humans?
A) Zaire
B) Reston
C) Sudan
D) Bundibugyo
Answer: B
10. Which African country experienced the largest Ebola outbreak in 2014-2016?
A) Sierra Leone
B) Liberia
C) Guinea
D) Nigeria
Answer: A
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Clinical Manifestations
11. The incubation period of the Ebola virus ranges between:
A) 1-3 days
B) 2-21 days
C) 5-7 days
D) 14-28 days
Answer: B
12. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Ebola virus disease?
A) Fever
B) Vomiting
C) Hemorrhage
D) Jaundice
Answer: D
13. What is the hallmark of severe Ebola virus disease?
A) Skin rash
B) Multisystem organ failure
C) Pneumonia
D) Renal stones
Answer: B
14. Which laboratory test is most sensitive for detecting the Ebola virus?
A) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
B) ELISA
C) Western blot
D) Immunohistochemistry
Answer: A
15. Ebola virus induces shock primarily through:
A) Cardiogenic shock
B) Septic shock due to cytokine storm
C) Neurogenic shock
D) Hypovolemic shock due to dehydration
Answer: B
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Treatment and Prevention
16. Which monoclonal antibody cocktail is used for Ebola treatment?
A) REGN-EB3
B) ZMapp
C) Remdesivir
D) Favipiravir
Answer: B
17. Which vaccine has been approved for Ebola virus prevention?
A) RVSV-ZEBOV
B) BNT162b2
C) mRNA-1273
D) ChAdOx1
Answer: A
18. Ebola transmission can be effectively prevented by:
A) Universal vaccination
B) Isolation of patients and strict infection control measures
C) Mass decontamination of water sources
D) Anti-mosquito programs
Answer: B
19. What is the primary role of convalescent plasma in Ebola treatment?
A) Providing active immunity
B) Neutralizing viral particles
C) Stimulating T-cell production
D) Reducing viral replication through interferon release
Answer: B
20. Which experimental antiviral showed promise in early Ebola treatment trials?
A) Oseltamivir
B) Favipiravir
C) Acyclovir
D) Ritonavir
Answer: B
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Public Health and Research
21. Which global health organization declared the 2014 outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern?
A) CDC
B) WHO
C) NIH
D) UNICEF
Answer: B
22. What is the recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers dealing with Ebola?
A) Gloves and masks only
B) Full-body coveralls, gloves, N95 respirators, and face shields
C) Standard surgical masks and gowns
D) Regular uniforms
Answer: B
23. Which diagnostic method is primarily used in resource-limited settings?
A) Rapid antigen detection tests
B) RNA sequencing
C) Flow cytometry
D) Electron microscopy
Answer: A
24. What type of virus is the Ebola virus classified as under the U.S. NIH biosafety levels?
A) Biosafety Level 2
B) Biosafety Level 3
C) Biosafety Level 4
D) Biosafety Level 5
Answer: C
25. Which country was the epicenter of the 2018 Ebola outbreak?
A) DRC
B) Uganda
C) Sierra Leone
D) Ghana
Answer: A
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Advanced Concepts and Research
26. The VP24 protein in Ebola virus inhibits which immune response pathway?
A) Toll-like receptor pathway
B) JAK-STAT pathway
C) MAPK pathway
D) NF-κB pathway
Answer: B
27. Which structural component of the Ebola virus forms its nucleocapsid?
A) GP protein
B) NP protein
C) VP40 protein
D) VP30 protein
Answer: B
28. Ebola virus replication occurs in which cellular compartment?
A) Nucleus
B) Cytoplasm
C) Mitochondria
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B
29. Which cytokine is most associated with the cytokine storm in Ebola virus disease?
A) IL-1
B) TNF-α
C) IL-6
D) IFN-γ
Answer: B
30. Ebola virus GP is cleaved by which host enzyme to enable cell entry?
A) Cathepsin B
B) Matrix metalloproteinase
C) Caspase 3
D) Proteinase K
Answer: A