1. A researcher wants to investigate the effect of a new medication on blood pressure. Which of the following is the most appropriate null hypothesis?
A) The new medication has no effect on blood pressure.
B) The new medication significantly lowers blood pressure.
C) The new medication significantly raises blood pressure.
D) The new medication has a moderate effect on blood pressure.
2. In a study investigating the relationship between smoking and lung cancer, the alternative hypothesis would state that:
A) Smoking has no effect on the development of lung cancer.
B) Smoking increases the risk of developing lung cancer.
C) Smoking decreases the risk of developing lung cancer.
D) Smoking has an unpredictable effect on the development of lung cancer.
3. A researcher hypothesizes that exposure to sunlight is positively correlated with vitamin D levels. What would be an appropriate null hypothesis for this study?
A) Exposure to sunlight has no effect on vitamin D levels.
B) Exposure to sunlight significantly decreases vitamin D levels.
C) Exposure to sunlight significantly increases vitamin D levels.
D) Exposure to sunlight has a slight effect on vitamin D levels.
4. In a study comparing the effectiveness of two different weight loss programs, the alternative hypothesis would predict that:
A) Both weight loss programs have the same effectiveness.
B) One weight loss program is significantly more effective than the other.
C) Both weight loss programs are equally ineffective.
D) The effectiveness of the weight loss programs cannot be determined.
5. A researcher is investigating the effect of a new teaching method on student achievement. Which of the following would be an appropriate null hypothesis?
A) The new teaching method significantly improves student achievement.
B) The new teaching method significantly decreases student achievement.
C) The new teaching method has no effect on student achievement.
D) The new teaching method has a moderate effect on student achievement.
6. In a study examining the relationship between exercise and heart disease, the null hypothesis would state that:
A) Exercise decreases the risk of heart disease.
B) Exercise increases the risk of heart disease.
C) Exercise has no effect on the risk of heart disease.
D) Exercise has an unpredictable effect on the risk of heart disease.
7. A researcher hypothesizes that there is a negative correlation between hours of sleep and stress levels. Which of the following would be an appropriate null hypothesis?
A) Hours of sleep have no effect on stress levels.
B) Hours of sleep significantly decrease stress levels.
C) Hours of sleep significantly increase stress levels.
D) Hours of sleep have a moderate effect on stress levels.
8. In a study comparing the effectiveness of two different pain medications, the alternative hypothesis would predict that:
A) Both pain medications have the same effectiveness.
B) One pain medication is significantly more effective than the other.
C) Both pain medications are equally ineffective.
D) The effectiveness of the pain medications cannot be determined.
9. A researcher is investigating the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. Which of the following is an appropriate null hypothesis?
A) The new fertilizer significantly improves plant growth.
B) The new fertilizer significantly decreases plant growth.
C) The new fertilizer has no effect on plant growth.
D) The new fertilizer has a moderate effect on plant growth.
10. In a study examining the relationship between caffeine consumption and sleep quality, the null hypothesis would state that:
A) Caffeine consumption improves sleep quality.
B) Caffeine consumption worsens sleep quality.
C) Caffeine consumption has no effect on sleep quality.
D) Caffeine consumption has an unpredictable effect on sleep quality.
11. A researcher hypothesizes that there is a positive correlation between study hours and exam scores. What would be an appropriate null hypothesis for this study?
A) Study hours have no effect on exam scores.
B) Study hours significantly decrease exam scores.
C) Study hours significantly increase exam scores.
D) Study hours have a slight effect on exam scores.
12. In a study comparing the effectiveness of two different exercise routines, the alternative hypothesis would predict that:
A) Both exercise routines have the same effectiveness.
B) One exercise routine is significantly more effective than the other.
C) Both exercise routines are equally ineffective.
D) The effectiveness of the exercise routines cannot be determined.
13. A researcher is investigating the effect of a new therapy on depression levels. Which of the following is an appropriate null hypothesis?
A) The new therapy significantly improves depression levels.
B) The new therapy significantly worsens depression levels.
C) The new therapy has no effect on depression levels.
D) The new therapy has a moderate effect on depression levels.
14. In a study examining the relationship between sugar consumption and obesity, the null hypothesis would state that:
A) Sugar consumption reduces the risk of obesity.
B) Sugar consumption increases the risk of obesity.
C) Sugar consumption has no effect on the risk of obesity.
D) Sugar consumption has an unpredictable effect on the risk of obesity.
15. A researcher hypothesizes that there is a negative correlation between smoking and lung capacity. What would be an appropriate null hypothesis for this study?
A) Smoking has no effect on lung capacity.
B) Smoking significantly increases lung capacity.
C) Smoking significantly decreases lung capacity.
D) Smoking has a slight effect on lung capacity.
16. In a study comparing the effectiveness of two different educational interventions, the alternative hypothesis would predict that:
A) Both educational interventions have the same effectiveness.
B) One educational intervention is significantly more effective than the other.
C) Both educational interventions are equally ineffective.
D) The effectiveness of the educational interventions cannot be determined.
17. A researcher is investigating the effect of a new diet on cholesterol levels. Which of the following is an appropriate null hypothesis?
A) The new diet significantly lowers cholesterol levels.
B) The new diet significantly raises cholesterol levels.
C) The new diet has no effect on cholesterol levels.
D) The new diet has a moderate effect on cholesterol levels.
18. In a study examining the relationship between stress levels and job performance, the null hypothesis would state that:
A) Stress levels improve job performance.
B) Stress levels worsen job performance.
C) Stress levels have no effect on job performance.
D) Stress levels have an unpredictable effect on job performance.
19. A researcher hypothesizes that there is a positive correlation between exercise frequency and weight loss. What would be an appropriate null hypothesis for this study?
A) Exercise frequency has no effect on weight loss.
B) Exercise frequency significantly decreases weight loss.
C) Exercise frequency significantly increases weight loss.
D) Exercise frequency has a slight effect on weight loss.
20. In a study comparing the effectiveness of two different sleep aids, the alternative hypothesis would predict that:
A) Both sleep aids have the same effectiveness.
B) One sleep aid is significantly more effective than the other.
C) Both sleep aids are equally ineffective.
D) The effectiveness of the sleep aids cannot be determined.
21. A researcher is investigating the effect of a new therapy on anxiety levels. Which of the following is an appropriate null hypothesis?
A) The new therapy significantly improves anxiety levels.
B) The new therapy significantly worsens anxiety levels.
C) The new therapy has no effect on anxiety levels.
D) The new therapy has a moderate effect on anxiety levels.
22. In a study examining the relationship between screen time and attention span, the null hypothesis would state that:
A) Screen time improves attention span.
B) Screen time worsens attention span.
C) Screen time has no effect on attention span.
D) Screen time has an unpredictable effect on attention span.
23. A researcher hypothesizes that there is a negative correlation between alcohol consumption and reaction time. What would be an appropriate null hypothesis for this study?
A) Alcohol consumption has no effect on reaction time.
B) Alcohol consumption significantly increases reaction time.
C) Alcohol consumption significantly decreases reaction time.
D) Alcohol consumption has a slight effect on reaction time.
24. In a study comparing the effectiveness of two different stress management techniques, the alternative hypothesis would predict that:
A) Both stress management techniques have the same effectiveness.
B) One stress management technique is significantly more effective than the other.
C) Both stress management techniques are equally ineffective.
D) The effectiveness of the stress management techniques cannot be determined.
25. A researcher is investigating the effect of a new therapy on pain levels. Which of the following is an appropriate null hypothesis?
A) The new therapy significantly reduces pain levels.
B) The new therapy significantly increases pain levels.
C) The new therapy has no effect on pain levels.
D) The new therapy has a moderate effect on pain levels.