1. A 32-year-old female presents with acute, severe headache, photophobia, and neck stiffness. Lumbar puncture reveals increased white blood cells and elevated protein in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?
a) Meningitis
b) Encephalitis
c) Subarachnoid hemorrhage
d) Cerebral infarction
e) Brain tumor
2. A 50-year-old male experiences recurrent episodes of visual disturbances, such as shimmering lights, followed by a severe throbbing headache on one side of the head.
Question: Which cranial nerve is most likely involved in this condition?
a) Olfactory nerve (CN I)
b) Optic nerve (CN II)
c) Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
d) Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
e) Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
3. A 40-year-old female presents with a loss of pain and temperature sensation on the left side of the body and a loss of vibration and proprioception on the right side.
Question: What is the most likely location of the lesion?
a) Medulla oblongata
b) Cerebellum
c) Pons
d) Midbrain
e) Spinal cord – right side
4. A 60-year-old male with a history of smoking and hypertension presents with sudden-onset left-sided weakness and facial droop.
Question: Which artery is most likely occluded in this patient?
a) Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
b) Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
c) Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
d) Vertebral artery
e) Basilar artery
5. A 70-year-old female presents with progressive memory loss, personality changes, and difficulty recognizing familiar faces.
Question: Which brain structure is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Hippocampus
b) Amygdala
c) Thalamus
d) Cerebellum
e) Basal ganglia
6. A 28-year-old male is involved in a car accident and presents with an inability to flex the fingers and a weakened grip on the right hand.
Question: Which part of the brain is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
b) Primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
c) Broca’s area
d) Wernicke’s area
e) Prefrontal cortex
7. A 50-year-old male presents with bilateral loss of hearing, tinnitus, and vertigo.
Question: Which cranial nerve is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
b) Facial nerve (CN VII)
c) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
d) Vagus nerve (CN X)
e) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
8. A 35-year-old female presents with involuntary tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
Question: Which brain structure is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Substantia nigra
b) Hippocampus
c) Hypothalamus
d) Amygdala
e) Thalamus
9. A 65-year-old male presents with impaired coordination, intention tremor, and nystagmus.
Question: Which part of the brain is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Cerebellum
b) Medulla oblongata
c) Pons
d) Midbrain
e) Hypothalamus
10. A 20-year-old female presents with weakness and atrophy of the right quadriceps muscle.
Question: Which area of the brain is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Broca’s area
b) Wernicke’s area
c) Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
d) Primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
e) Prefrontal cortex
11. A 42-year-old male presents with right-sided hemiplegia, loss of vibration and proprioception on the left side, and Horner’s syndrome.
Question: What is the most likely location of the lesion?
a) Cervical spinal cord – right side
b) Cervical spinal cord – left side
c) Brainstem – right side
d) Brainstem – left side
e) Medulla oblongata
12. A 25-year-old female presents with acute, severe back pain, weakness in both legs, and loss of bowel and bladder control.
Question: What is the most likely location of the lesion?
a) Lumbar spinal cord
b) Thoracic spinal cord
c) Cervical spinal cord
d) Conus medullaris
e) Cauda equina
13. A 30-year-old male presents with a “lightning-like” pain sensation on the left side of the face triggered by touching specific areas.
Question: Which cranial nerve is most likely involved in this condition?
a) Olfactory nerve (CN I)
b) Optic nerve (CN II)
c) Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
d) Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
e) Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
14. A 55-year-old female presents with involuntary jerking movements of the right arm and facial grimacing.
Question: Which brain structure is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Substantia nigra
b) Hippocampus
c) Globus pallidus
d) Putamen
e) Thalamus
15. A 38-year-old male presents with difficulty speaking and understanding language, but his motor function is preserved.
Question: Which area of the brain is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Broca’s area
b) Wernicke’s area
c) Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
d) Primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
e) Prefrontal cortex
16. A 20-year-old female presents with diplopia, ptosis, and weakness in the extraocular muscles.
Question: Which cranial nerve is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Olfactory nerve (CN I)
b) Optic nerve (CN II)
c) Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
d) Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
e) Abducens nerve (CN VI)
17. A 48-year-old male presents with progressive difficulty in walking, frequent falls, and urinary incontinence.
Question: What is the most likely location of the lesion?
a) Cervical spinal cord
b) Thoracic spinal cord
c) Lumbar spinal cord
d) Medulla oblongata
e) Cerebellum
18. A 62-year-old female presents with sudden-onset right
-sided weakness, loss of vibration and proprioception on the left side, and Babinski sign on the right.
Question: What is the most likely location of the lesion?
a) Brainstem – right side
b) Brainstem – left side
c) Cervical spinal cord – right side
d) Cervical spinal cord – left side
e) Medulla oblongata
19. A 75-year-old male presents with sudden-onset right-sided facial droop, dysarthria, and left-sided weakness.
Question: What is the most likely location of the lesion?
a) Right cerebral hemisphere
b) Left cerebral hemisphere
c) Brainstem – right side
d) Brainstem – left side
e) Cerebellum
20. A 45-year-old female presents with an absence of pain and temperature sensation on the left side of the face.
Question: Which cranial nerve is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Olfactory nerve (CN I)
b) Optic nerve (CN II)
c) Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
d) Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
e) Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
21. A 58-year-old male presents with memory loss, confusion, and visual hallucinations.
Question: Which brain structure is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Hippocampus
b) Amygdala
c) Thalamus
d) Cerebellum
e) Basal ganglia
22. A 35-year-old female presents with weakness and atrophy of the right hand muscles.
Question: Which area of the brain is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Broca’s area
b) Wernicke’s area
c) Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
d) Primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
e) Prefrontal cortex
23. A 40-year-old male presents with difficulty in swallowing and hoarseness of voice.
Question: Which cranial nerve is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
b) Facial nerve (CN VII)
c) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
d) Vagus nerve (CN X)
e) Accessory nerve (CN XI)
24. A 60-year-old male presents with sudden-onset right-sided hemiplegia, neglect of the left side of the body, and inability to speak.
Question: What is the most likely location of the lesion?
a) Left cerebral hemisphere
b) Right cerebral hemisphere
c) Brainstem – right side
d) Brainstem – left side
e) Medulla oblongata
25. A 42-year-old female presents with difficulty in recognizing familiar faces and objects, despite having normal vision.
Question: Which brain structure is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Hippocampus
b) Fusiform gyrus
c) Thalamus
d) Cerebellum
e) Basal ganglia
26. A 45-year-old male presents with weakness and atrophy of the right leg muscles.
Question: Which area of the brain is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Broca’s area
b) Wernicke’s area
c) Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
d) Primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
e) Prefrontal cortex
27. A 30-year-old female presents with an acute, severe headache, blurred vision, and papilledema.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?
a) Meningitis
b) Encephalitis
c) Brain tumor
d) Subarachnoid hemorrhage
e) Cerebral infarction
28. A 55-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents with sudden-onset left-sided weakness and sensory loss on the right side of the body.
Question: Which artery is most likely occluded in this patient?
a) Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
b) Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
c) Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
d) Vertebral artery
e) Basilar artery
29. A 65-year-old female presents with memory loss, difficulty in performing familiar tasks, and confusion.
Question: Which brain structure is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Hippocampus
b) Thalamus
c) Cerebellum
d) Amygdala
e) Basal ganglia
30. A 28-year-old male is involved in a car accident and presents with an inability to speak but has preserved motor function.
Question: Which area of the brain is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Broca’s area
b) Wernicke’s area
c) Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
d) Primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
e) Prefrontal cortex
31. A 50-year-old female presents with bilateral hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus.
Question: Which cranial nerve is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
b) Facial nerve (CN VII)
c) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
d) Vagus nerve (CN X)
e) Accessory nerve (CN XI)
32. A 35-year-old male presents with involuntary movements, such as jerking of the right arm and facial grimacing.
Question: Which brain structure is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Substantia nigra
b) Hippocampus
c) Globus pallidus
d) Putamen
e) Thalamus
33. A 58-year-old female presents with difficulty speaking and understanding language, with preserved motor function.
Question: Which area of the brain is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Broca’s area
b) Wernicke’s area
c) Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
d) Primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
e) Prefrontal cortex
34. A 20-year-old male presents with diplopia, ptosis, and weakness in the extraocular muscles.
Question: Which cranial nerve is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Olfactory nerve (CN I)
b) Optic nerve (CN II)
c) Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
d) Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
e) Abducens nerve (CN VI)
35. A 48-year-old female presents with progressive difficulty in walking, frequent falls, and urinary incontinence.
Question: What is the most likely location of the lesion?
a) Cervical spinal cord
b) Thoracic spinal cord
c) Lumbar spinal cord
d) Medulla oblongata
e) Cerebellum
36. A 62-year-old male presents
with sudden-onset right-sided facial droop, dysarthria, and left-sided weakness.
Question: What is the most likely location of the lesion?
a) Right cerebral hemisphere
b) Left cerebral hemisphere
c) Brainstem – right side
d) Brainstem – left side
e) Cerebellum
37. A 45-year-old female presents with an absence of pain and temperature sensation on the left side of the face.
Question: Which cranial nerve is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Olfactory nerve (CN I)
b) Optic nerve (CN II)
c) Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
d) Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
e) Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
38. A 58-year-old male presents with weakness and atrophy of the right leg muscles.
Question: Which area of the brain is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Broca’s area
b) Wernicke’s area
c) Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
d) Primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
e) Prefrontal cortex
39. A 40-year-old female presents with an acute, severe headache, blurred vision, and papilledema.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?
a) Meningitis
b) Encephalitis
c) Brain tumor
d) Subarachnoid hemorrhage
e) Cerebral infarction
40. A 55-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents with sudden-onset left-sided weakness and sensory loss on the right side of the body.
Question: Which artery is most likely occluded in this patient?
a) Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
b) Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
c) Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
d) Vertebral artery
e) Basilar artery
41. A 65-year-old female presents with memory loss, difficulty in performing familiar tasks, and confusion.
Question: Which brain structure is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Hippocampus
b) Thalamus
c) Cerebellum
d) Amygdala
e) Basal ganglia
42. A 28-year-old male is involved in a car accident and presents with an inability to speak but has preserved motor function.
Question: Which area of the brain is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Broca’s area
b) Wernicke’s area
c) Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
d) Primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
e) Prefrontal cortex
43. A 50-year-old female presents with bilateral hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus.
Question: Which cranial nerve is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
b) Facial nerve (CN VII)
c) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
d) Vagus nerve (CN X)
e) Accessory nerve (CN XI)
44. A 35-year-old male presents with involuntary movements, such as jerking of the right arm and facial grimacing.
Question: Which brain structure is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Substantia nigra
b) Hippocampus
c) Globus pallidus
d) Putamen
e) Thalamus
45. A 58-year-old female presents with difficulty speaking and understanding language, with preserved motor function.
Question: Which area of the brain is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Broca’s area
b) Wernicke’s area
c) Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
d) Primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
e) Prefrontal cortex
46. A 20-year-old male presents with diplopia, ptosis, and weakness in the extraocular muscles.
Question: Which cranial nerve is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Olfactory nerve (CN I)
b) Optic nerve (CN II)
c) Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
d) Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
e) Abducens nerve (CN VI)
47. A 48-year-old female presents with progressive difficulty in walking, frequent falls, and urinary incontinence.
Question: What is the most likely location of the lesion?
a) Cervical spinal cord
b) Thoracic spinal cord
c) Lumbar spinal cord
d) Medulla oblongata
e) Cerebellum
48. A 62-year-old male presents with sudden-onset right-sided facial droop, dysarthria, and left-sided weakness.
Question: What is the most likely location of the lesion?
a) Right cerebral hemisphere
b) Left cerebral hemisphere
c) Brainstem – right side
d) Brainstem – left side
e) Cerebellum
49. A 45-year-old female presents with an absence of pain and temperature sensation on the left side of the face.
Question: Which cranial nerve is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Olfactory nerve (CN I)
b) Optic nerve (CN II)
c) Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
d) Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
e) Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
50. A 58-year-old male presents with weakness and atrophy of the right leg muscles.
Question: Which area of the brain is most likely affected in this patient?
a) Broca’s area
b) Wernicke’s area
c) Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
d) Primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
e) Prefrontal cortex