Definition : Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease of undetermined aetiology involving primarily the synovial membranes and articular structures of multiple joints. The disease is often progressive and results in pain, stiffness, and swelling of joints. In late stages deformity and ankylosis develop. Incidence and Prevalence: Worldwide prevalence is approx 1%. Its… Read More »
Clinical manifestation: There are two clinical phases which characterizes PWS as shown in table 1 (Zellweger, 1988): The two clinical phases of PWS (1) Phase 1 Moderate to severe neonatal hypotonia Poor suck Difficulty in feeding Hypogonadism Marked delayed in motor milestone Phase 2 Much less hypotonia Short stature Hyperphagia Increasing obesity… Read More »
PWS is a complex disorder with variable phenotypic changes according to the age of the patient. There are numbers of Associations and Support groups are working together to give a better management to the PWS individuals e.g. Prader Willi Syndrome Association (UK) and PWSA (USA) etc. Researches are still in progress in all concerned… Read More »
Care providers of a PWS patient must understand that the intervention means the management of clinical symptoms. Because PWS undergoes different developmental changes they must understand its impact on both patient and their families. Creation of a management strategy should be drown on the condition of disease. Professional experiences and from the knowledge of… Read More »
Over past decade it has been noticed that structural and functional homologies extend across very distantly related species. Now day’s homology to a relevant orthologus gene is a criterion of extracting the candidency of a gene to a disease. Virtually every mouse gene has the exact counterparts as human, and the same probably do… Read More »
The etiology and pathology of disease is not well understood until very recent advances in the field of cytogenetics and molecular genetics. These recent advances are now providing some insight of the fairly complicated syndrome. Approximately 70% of the PWS have been shown to have a deletion in chromosome 15, described as 15q11-q13.… Read More »
(1) This case study has been provided by Jack Sherman and adapted from Greenswag & Alexander, 1995. In 1957, just after the publication of the article by Prader, Labhart and Willi (1956) Miss M. was born. Due to lack of information and awareness it took a long time to be diagnosed. M. was evaluated… Read More »
Many of the child behavior problems and cognitive capabilities can be explained within the framework of understanding the characteristic of Prader Willi Syndrome. Society, family and hereditary factors also influence it. PWS is a disease of altered growth and development. Affected persons are potentially overweight, sexually immature, and short and developmentally delayed individuals. The… Read More »
Table of contents: Introduction: Nature of Prader Willi Syndrome: Etiology and Pathogenesis: Genetics of Prader Willi Syndrome: Animal Model: Diagnostic Criteria: Case Study: Management: Conclusion:
1. Fader, Henry C., Computerized patient records. [online] URL http://www.physiciansnews.com/computers/1197.html [Accessed On Web 13 October 2004 ]. 2. Ginneken van, Astrid M., 2002. The computerized patient record: balancing effort and benefit. International Journal of Medical Informatics [online], 65 (2002). Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=Mimg&_imagekey=B6T7S/ [Accessed 13 October 2004 ]. 3. Hilton, David, Information… Read More »
An introduction of Computerized Patient Administration System to the Health Care Organizations is no doubt a revolutionary success. It has been destined to play a crucial role in health care delivery to the patients, to streamline the information flow within the organizations and to control the cost and time in services provided 1 . Flexibility… Read More »
Until recently many hospitals and health-care centers developed their own self-sufficient patient administration systems: “two hospitals in the same town might have completely different software running on completely different types of computers 3 ”. No wonder that health services experienced communication difficulties. Thus, to ensure the consistency of information, the UK government has introduced… Read More »
Enormous investments have gone into CPAS worldwide. The estimated costs for each large hospital are about £33mln., yet the overall benefits and costs of hospital information systems have rarely been assessed 17 . “When systems are evaluated, about three quarters are considered to have failed, and there is no indication that they improve the productivity… Read More »
Viktor Poluektovas “We should connect every hospital to the Internet, so doctors can instantly share data about their patients with best specialists in the field”. President B. Clinton in his State of Union address on Feb. 4, 1997 1 Introduction It seems normal nowadays that progress in hardware development, mix in software applications and… Read More »
Definition: Disorder in which severe peptic ulceration is found due to edema or hyperplasia of islet of pancrease which secrete gastrin resulting in hyperchlorhydria. Pathology: Tumor my be benign 40 % and malignant in 60 % cases. it may be located in stomach , duodenum ,spleen or even lymph nodes, multiple endocrine neoplasia… Read More »
congovirus.com domain is for sale Tauseef Akhund Research Officer Paediatric Department. Agha Khan University Karachi Pakistan Introduction Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) is the illness caused by geographically restricted viruses. Many viruses cause this illness but four viruses including Lassa, Marburg, Ebola, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has potential of presenting in outbreak and has potential… Read More »
Uterus larger than expected for dates. Excessive maternal weight that is not explained by edema or obesity. Polyhydramnios manifested by uterine size out o proportion to the calculated duration of gestation. ballotment of more than one fetus. Multiplicity of small parts. Simultaneous recording of different fetal heart rate. Complications of pregnancy that is… Read More »
Dr. Tauseefullah Akhund M.B.B.S, MPH (Sydney), (Australia) October 20, 2004 Tuberculosis is one of the dreadful diseases affecting a number of people in developing countries including Pakistan. It is one of the most common diseases causing a high mortality and morbidity. The total number of cases is rising every year because of rapidly growing population,… Read More »
Postpartum hemorrhage denotes excessive bleeding (more than 500 ml in vaginal bleeding) following delivery. Hemorrhage may occur during or after delivery of the placenta. Management As retained placenta tissue constitutes the main cause in majority of cases of PPH, the patient is managed in following steps. Predelivery preparation Postdelivery measures Active… Read More »
It is an inflammation of lung parenchyma, usually caused by bacteria and characterized by cough, productive sputum and fever. Classification a) on the basis of site of involvement lobar pneumonia bronchopneumonia interstitial pneumonia b) on the basis of etiology bacterial viral allergic atypical secondary pneumonia (aspiration pneumonia) Etiology Precipitating factor… Read More »