1. A 65-year-old man with a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease presents with palpitations, shortness of breath, and decreased exercise tolerance. Electrocardiography reveals irregular, chaotic atrial activity and an irregularly irregular ventricular response. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Atrial flutter
B. Atrial fibrillation
C. Ventricular tachycardia
D. Supraventricular tachycardia
E. Sick sinus syndrome
2. A 75-year-old woman with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation presents with acute-onset chest pain, shortness of breath, and hypotension. Electrocardiography reveals rapid, irregular ventricular response with no discernible P waves. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
A. Cardioversion
B. Amiodarone
C. Digoxin
D. Anticoagulation
E. Beta-blocker
3. A 60-year-old man with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Electrocardiography reveals atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response of 130 bpm. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management?
A. Cardioversion
B. Amiodarone
C. Digoxin
D. Anticoagulation
E. Beta-blocker
4. A 55-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic heart disease presents with recurrent episodes of palpitations, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Electrocardiography reveals atrial fibrillation with a variable ventricular response. Which of the following is the most appropriate management strategy?
A. Cardioversion
B. Amiodarone
C. Digoxin
D. Anticoagulation
E. Surgical maze procedure
5. A 70-year-old man with a history of atrial fibrillation presents with acute-onset chest pain, shortness of breath, and hypotension. Electrocardiography reveals rapid, irregular ventricular response with no discernible P waves. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management?
A. Cardioversion
B. Amiodarone
C. Digoxin
D. Anticoagulation
E. Beta-blocker
6. A 65-year-old woman with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation presents with palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Electrocardiography reveals atrial fibrillation with a ventricular response of 110 bpm. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management?
A. Cardioversion
B. Amiodarone
C. Digoxin
D. Anticoagulation
E. Beta-blocker
7. A 75-year-old man with a history of persistent atrial fibrillation presents with acute-onset chest pain, shortness of breath, and hypotension. Electrocardiography reveals rapid, irregular ventricular response with no discernible P waves. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management?
A. Cardioversion
B. Amiodarone
C. Digoxin
D. Anticoagulation
E. Beta-blocker
8. A 60-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Electrocardiography reveals atrial fibrillation with a ventricular response of 140 bpm. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management?
A. Cardioversion
B. Amiodarone
C. Digoxin
D. Anticoagulation
E. Beta-blocker
9. A 55-year-old man with a history of rheumatic heart disease presents with recurrent episodes of palpitations, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Electrocardiography reveals atrial fibrillation with a variable ventricular response. Which of the following is the most appropriate management strategy?
A. Cardioversion
B. Amiodarone
C. Digoxin
D. Anticoagulation
E. Surgical maze procedure
10. A 70-year-old woman with a history of atrial fibrillation presents with acute-onset chest pain, shortness of breath, and hypotension. Electrocardiography reveals rapid, irregular ventricular response with no discernible P waves. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management?
A. Cardioversion
B. Amiodarone
C. Digoxin
D. Anticoagulation
E. Beta-blocker
11. A 65-year-old man with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation presents with palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Electrocardiography reveals atrial fibrillation with a ventricular response of 120 bpm. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management?
A. Cardioversion
B. Amiodarone
C. Digoxin
D. Anticoagulation
E. Beta-blocker
12. A 75-year-old man with a history of persistent atrial fibrillation presents with acute-onset chest pain, shortness of breath, and hypotension. Electrocardiography reveals rapid, irregular ventricular response with no discernible P waves. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management?
A. Cardioversion
B. Amiodarone
C. Digoxin
D. Anticoagulation
E. Beta-blocker
13. A 60-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Electrocardiography reveals atrial fibrillation with a ventricular response of 130 bpm. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management?
A. Cardioversion
B. Amiodarone
C. Digoxin
D. Anticoagulation
E. Beta-blocker
14. A 55-year-old man with a history of rheumatic heart disease presents with recurrent episodes of palpitations, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Electrocardiography reveals atrial fibrillation with a variable ventricular response. Which of the following is the most appropriate management strategy?
A. Cardioversion
B. Amiodarone
C. Digoxin
D. Anticoagulation
E. Surgical maze procedure
15. A 70-year-old woman with a history of atrial fibrillation presents with acute-onset chest pain, shortness of breath, and hypotension. Electrocardiography reveals rapid, irregular ventricular response with no discernible P waves. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management?
A. Cardioversion
B. Amiodarone
C. Digoxin
D. Anticoagulation
E. Beta-blocker