1. ASD is characterized by difficulties in which three main areas?
A) Social skills, communication, rigid behaviors
B) Intelligence, emotions, motor skills
C) Attention, learning, memory
D) Sensory processing, motor skills, flexibility
2. Early red flags of ASD may include lack of which skills?
A) Joint attention, pretend play
B) Eye contact, social smiling
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
3. ASD is considered to have a strong inherited/genetic basis. True or False?
A) True
B) False
4. What percentage of children with ASD have an intellectual disability?
A) 25-50%
B) 10-20%
C) 75-90%
D) 1-5%
5. Repetitive behaviors in ASD can include all except:
A) Body rocking
B) Strict routines
C) Following complex instructions
D) Hand flapping
6. What is the estimated prevalence of ASD?
A) 1/150 children
B) 1/68 children
C) 1/45 children
D) 1/100 children
7. Sensory issues in ASD may include sensitivity to which senses?
A) Touch and hearing
B) Taste and smell
C) Sight and balance
D) All of the above
8. Core diagnostic features of ASD must be present in early childhood, though often not recognized until what age?
A) 2 years
B) 3 years
C) 4 years
D) 5 years
9. Diagnosis of ASD is based on which standardized diagnostic tools?
A) ADOS, ADI-R
B) IQ tests, neurological exam
C) Medical tests, checklists
D) Interviews, observations
10. Males are more likely to be diagnosed with ASD than females by what ratio?
A) 2:1
B) 3:1
C) 4:1
D) 5:1
11. Which theory proposed that ASD was caused by cold, aloof parenting styles?
A) Empathizing-Systemizing theory
B) Extreme male brain theory
C) Refrigerator mother theory
D) Executive dysfunction theory
12. Individuals with ASD often have average to above average skills in which areas?
A) Visual perception, rote memory skills
B) Motor skills, creativity
C) Auditory processing, abstract reasoning
D) Flexibility, problem-solving
13. Co-occurring conditions in ASD may include:
A) ADHD, anxiety, seizures
B) Depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis
C) All of the above
D) A and B
14. ASD is diagnosed using criteria from which diagnostic classification system?
A) ICD
B) DSM-5
C) WAIS
D) Stanford-Binet
15. Repetitive motor mannerisms in ASD can include hand flapping or spinning objects. True or False?
A) True
B) False
16. In the general population, ASD risk increases with what maternal factor?
A) Advanced paternal age
B) Younger maternal age
C) Older maternal age
D) In vitro fertilization
17. Autism is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder largely caused by differences in how the what develops?
A) Brain regions involved in social and emotional processing
B) Cerebellum and motor cortex
C) Hippocampus and amygdala
D) Corpus callosum and neural connectivity
18. Which therapies are considered possibly beneficial but lack scientific evidence?
A) ABA therapy, social skills training
B) Facilitated communication, gluten-free diets
C) Secretin injections, chelation therapy
D) All of the above except ABA therapy
19. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior in ASD can include:
A) Adherence to nonfunctional routines or rituals
B) Extreme resistance to change
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above
20. Sensory processing issues in ASD may cause some to seek deep pressure input through behaviors like what?
A) Hugging others tightly
B) Chewing or licking non-food items
C) Bruxism (teeth grinding) at night
D) All of the above
21. Which theory proposed that ASD symptoms arise from difficulties in complex information processing and central coherence?
A) Theory of mind difficulties
B) Weak central coherence theory
C) Executive dysfunction theory
D) Empathizing–systemizing theory
22. ASD may co-occur with which other genetic conditions at increased rates?
A) Fragile X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis
B) Down syndrome, cerebral palsy
C) Turner syndrome, myelomeningocele
D) Klinefelter syndrome, muscular dystrophy
23. Which assessments can help diagnose ASD and aid in treatment planning?
A) ADOS, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
B) Mullen Scales of Early Learning, Brigance
C) All of the above
D) A and C
24. Medications may help manage associated ASD behaviors or co-occurring conditions but do not treat the core features of ASD. True or False?
A) True
B) False
25. Which therapies have the strongest scientific evidence for improving core ASD skills?
A) Music therapy, animal therapy
B) Facilitated communication, auditory integration therapy
C) ABA therapy, social skills groups
D) Dietary supplements, gluten-free diets
26. Research suggests different areas of the brain develop atypically in autism. These may include:
A) Cerebellum, prefrontal cortex
B) Amygdala, hippocampus
C) Brain stem, thalamus
D) All of the above
27. Most experts believe ASD involves a complex combination of genetic and environmental influences. True or False?
A) True
B) False
28. What percentage of autistic individuals are nonverbal or have very limited language?
A) 10-20%
B) 25-30%
C) 40-50%
D) 60-70%
29. Coordination & balance issues are core diagnostic features of ASD. True or False?
A) True
B) False
30. ASD can sometimes be detected as early as:
A) 12 months
B) 18 months
C) 24 months
D) 36 months
31. Weak central coherence in ASD refers to difficulties integrating information into the big picture while strong attention to details. True or False?
A) True
B) False
32. Facial expression recognition is a relative strength in high-functioning individuals with ASD. True or False?
A) True
B) False
33. Severity of ASD intellectual and language deficits can range from mild to profound. True or False?
A) True
B) False
34. Girls with ASD often exhibit different symptom profiles than boys with relatively better social communication? True or False
A) True
B) False
35. Difficulty with abstract language and concepts is a classic indicator of ASD. True or False?
A) True
B) False
36. ASD often involves abnormalities in brain connectivity within networks as well as connections between different brain regions. True or False?
A) True
B) False
37. Sensory processing issues in ASD can also include oversensitivity or undersensitivity to sensations. True or False?
A) True
B) False
38. Individuals with ASD often take things very literally and have difficulties understanding sarcasm, metaphors or figures of speech. True or False?
A) True
B) False
39. Social awkwardness or isolation is not a symptom of ASD since many people prefer solitude. True or False?
A) True
B) False
40. Restricted, repetitive patterns of interest in ASD are typically an intense interest rather than obsessive. True or False?
A) True
B) False
41. Theory of mind difficulties refer to problems inferring another’s thoughts, beliefs or intentions which can impact social skills. True or False?
A) True
B) False
42. Difficulties transitioning between activities or sensitivity to changes in routine are common signs of ASD. True or False?
A) True
B) False
43. Stereotypical body movements like hand flapping, finger flicking or rocking seen in ASD are thought to be stimming or self-stimulatory behaviors. True or False?
A) True
B) False
44. ASD symptoms can range from very mild (Asperger’s syndrome) to more severe, requiring substantial support. True or False?
A) True
B) False
45. A tendency to line up toys or other items precisely is an example of restricted, repetitive behaviors in autism. True or False?
A) True
B) False
46. Current research does not support the ‘refrigerator mother’ theory that ASD was caused by aloof or cold parenting. True or False?
A) True
B) False