It is a neuropsychiatric syndrome secondary to liver disease characterized by unconsciousness. Etiology: Cirrhosis of liver Acute fulminant hepatitis Biliary cirrhosis Surgical portal venous shunt Portal hypertension Precipitating factors High protein intake Alcohol Constipation Infection Fluid electrolyte imbalance GI bleeding Pathophysiology Hepatic coma occurs when blood bypass the liver… Read More »
Dr. Tauseefullah Akhund M.B.B.S, MPH (Sydney), (Australia) Over past decades most countries around the world have seen widespread disparity in the society, wealth, race and gender. These disparities have affected the health status of the countries badly. Those countries which succeeded to keep the disparity under control eventually succeeded in improving the health of… Read More »
Definition: This is the commonest cause of hyperthyroidism and is due to autoimmune process in which serum IgG antibodies bind to the thyroid TSH receptors and produce stimulation of thyroid hormone production, behaving like TSH. Clinical features Increased size and secretion of thyroid gland GIT features include weight loss despite normal or increased… Read More »
Maternal complications Asymptomatic bacteremia It is thought to occur 2-3 times more frequently in women with glucose in urine. It should be diagnosed early and managed by antibiotics Pyelonephritis. It is exaggerated complication of bacteremia that results when women with bacteremia is not treated properly. Diabetic retinopathy. … Read More »
Introduction European working time directive became part of UK law in October 1998 as health and safety legislation.[1]The law meant to reduce the doctors time in hospitals concerning the patient and doctors health . At that time junior doctors or doctors in training (DIT) were excluded from the scheme due fear of the adverse… Read More »
ebolatrial.com domain is for sale Introduction “We can close the book on infectious diseases” Surgeon-general of the U.S., 19671 “Viruses are now taking advantage of each other to cause damage to human populations” Dr. Pierre Formenty, WHO virus researcher, 19992 Not all that long ago infectious diseases were assumed to disappear after successful vaccination… Read More »
As future healthcare professionals, medical students must develop a comprehensive understanding of various medical conditions, including drug eruptions. These skin reactions, often caused by medications, can vary in severity and presentation. This article aims to provide a succinct overview of drug eruptions, helping medical students recognize, diagnose, and manage them effectively. What Are Drug Eruptions?… Read More »
Differential Diagnoses in General Medicine David Scerri MD MRCP(UK) Manchester, UK Online differential diagnosis book on almost every medical condition listed alphabetically. www.geocities.com/davidscerri/ Differential Diagnosis of Rhinitis MM Carr DDS MD MEd www.icarus.med.utoronto.ca
We have to appreciate the fact that Diabetes Mellitus is a condition causing 25 times more blindness ; it is a condition causing Nephropathy ending up in Kidney failure; Neuropathy causing numbness, wounds & amputations and Heart Attacks & Strokes which occur 4 – 5 times more frequently. For obvious reasons then this metabolic … Read More »
Dr. Tauseefullah Akhund M.B.B.S, MPH (Sydney), (Australia) Page 1 2 3 COST PROJECTION (A): Fixed Cost FIXED COSTS PER YEAR Start Up Cost $105,000 per-bed x 18 = $1,890,000 (20 years life expectancy) Building 9 Bedrooms @ 2 bed 3 Shower rooms (en-suite) 3 Toilets Kitchen Lounge Laundry TV/Tape Computer Kitchen… Read More »
Dr. Tauseefullah Akhund M.B.B.S, MPH (Sydney), (Australia) Page 1 2 3 INTRODUCTION (A): Rationale The older peoples need help that’s why people start a new business to build Nursing Homes. Unfortunately, the total numbers of Nursing Homes in Australia are not sufficient to fulfil the basic needs of Aged people. In this… Read More »
Dr. Tauseefullah Akhund M.B.B.S, MPH (Sydney), (Australia) Page 1 2 3 Construct a Budget. Students are required to develop a new cost centre with income earning potential and develop a zero based budget i.e. from scratch, for a project of their choice. The proposed topic must be discussed with the Lecturer and approved… Read More »
Blackwater Fever: A Serious Complication of Malaria Blackwater fever is a rare but dangerous complication of malaria infection. It occurs almost exclusively with infection from the parasite Plasmodium falciparum[5]. The disease is characterized by the bursting of red blood cells (hemolysis) in the bloodstream, leading to the release of hemoglobin directly into the blood vessels… Read More »
Tauseef Akhund Research Officer Paediatric Department. Agha Khan University Karachi Pakistan Bird flu is an infection caused by avian (bird) influenza (flu) viruses. These flu viruses occur naturally among birds. Wild birds worldwide carry the viruses in their intestines, but usually do not get sick from them. However, bird flu is very contagious among… Read More »
Cardiac arrhythmias, commonly referred to as irregular heartbeats, are disruptions in the normal rhythm of the heart’s electrical system. These rhythm abnormalities can affect the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively, potentially leading to serious health complications. Understanding the causes, types, symptoms, and management of cardiac arrhythmias is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health. Causes and… Read More »
Addison’s disease, also known as adrenal insufficiency, is a rare chronic condition characterized by the inadequate production of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal glands[4]. It is important for medical students to understand the etiology, pathogenesis, and management of this condition in order to provide effective care to patients. Here is a comprehensive… Read More »
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, can lead to various complications that affect multiple organs and systems within the body. While long-term complications are well-recognized, acute complications also demand attention due to their sudden onset and potential severity. This article delves into the acute complications of diabetes mellitus, shedding… Read More »
Nasal Polyps>>Definition>>Classification>>Ethmoidal polyp>>Antrocoanal polyp>>Prevention>>Complication>>Differential diagnosis PREVENTION OF RECURRENCE OF NASAL POLYPS Identify the underlying cause of polyps and treat it accordingly. COMPLICATIONS OF NASAL POLYPS. 1. Nasal obstruction 2. Insomnia 3. Sinusitis 4. Respiratory tract infections 5. Broadening of nose and increased intercanthal distance. 6. Headache 7. Facial pain. IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER IN A CASE… Read More »
Nasal Polyps>>Definition>>Classification>>Ethmoidal polyp>>Antrocoanal polyp>>Prevention>>Complication>>Differential diagnosis DEFINITION This polyp arises from the mucosa of maxillary antrum near its accessory ostium, comes out and grows in choana and nasal cavity. Thus it has 3 parts Antral · Choanal · Nasal ETIOLOGY Nasal allergy coupled with sinus infection is important cause. These polyps… Read More »
Nasal Polyps>>Definition>>Classification>>Ethmoidal polyp>>Antrocoanal polyp>>Prevention>>Complication>>Differential diagnosis Nasal Polyps ETHMOIDAL POLYPI Definition There is edematous hypertrophy of submucosa with loose fibrous stroma. ETIOLOGY Polyps are RED FLAGS indicating the presence of chronic inflammatory: chronic sinusitis (longstanding bacterial infection of facial sinuses) is one explanation; as is allergy (eg allergy to pollen, dust mites, mould spore, cat danden e.t.c.). Other possible causes… Read More »