1. A 65-year-old man with a history of hypertension and myocardial infarction presents with progressive dyspnea, orthopnea, and lower extremity edema. Echocardiography reveals a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35%. Which of the following is the most likely cause of…
1. A 70-year-old man with a history of hypertension presents with progressive exertional dyspnea and angina. Physical examination reveals a harsh systolic murmur best heard at the right upper sternal border. Which of the following is the most appropriate next…
1. A 25-year-old woman presents with a history of recurrent episodes of fever, joint pain, and migratory polyarthritis. Physical examination reveals a new diastolic murmur. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Acute rheumatic fever B. Chronic…
1. A 45-year-old man presents with sudden-onset chest pain that worsens with inspiration and lying down. Electrocardiography (ECG) shows diffuse ST-segment elevation. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Acute myocardial infarction B. Acute pericarditis C. Acute…
1. A 45-year-old man with a history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presents with syncope during exercise. Echocardiography reveals severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? A. Initiate beta-blocker therapy B.…
1. A 58-year-old woman with a history of hyperlipidemia presents with progressive exercise intolerance and shortness of breath. An echocardiogram reveals severe aortic stenosis. Which of the following is the most likely underlying mechanism for this patient’s aortic stenosis? A.…
1. A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of chest pain, shortness of breath, and diaphoresis. An ECG shows ST-segment elevation in the anterior leads. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Unstable…
1. A newborn infant presents with cyanosis and a harsh systolic murmur at the left upper sternal border. Which of the following congenital heart defects is most likely? a) Atrial septal defect b) Tetralogy of Fallot c) Ventricular septal defect…
1. Which of the following is NOT a surface feature of the tibia? a) Medial malleolus b) Lateral condyle c) Tuberosity d) Anterior crest 2. The tibia articulates with which of the following bones? a) Femur and fibula b) Femur…
1. A 5-year-old child presents with acute flaccid paralysis of the lower extremities. Which of the following viruses is the most likely causative agent? A. Influenza virus B. Poliovirus C. Rotavirus D. Varicella-zoster virus 2. A 3-year-old child has not…
1. What is the primary mode of transmission for hepatitis C? a) Fecal-oral b) Parenteral (Blood) c) Sexual d) Respiratory Answer: b) Parenteral (Blood) 2. Which of the following viruses is responsible for causing hepatitis C? a) HAV b) HBV…
1. Which of the following is an essential component of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC)? a) Monoclonal antibody b) Cytotoxic drug c) Linker d) All of the above 2. The mechanism of action of ADCs primarily relies on: a) Targeting specific…
1. A 45-year-old patient presents with sudden onset of bilateral leg weakness and loss of sensation below the umbilicus after a motor vehicle accident. This is most suggestive of: A. Cervical spinal cord injury B. Thoracic spinal cord injury C.…
1. A newborn baby presents with a soft, compressible swelling on the side of the head. This is most likely due to: A. Cephalohematoma B. Caput succedaneum C. Parietal osteomyelitis D. Parietal bone fracture 2. A 35-year-old patient sustains a…
1. A newborn baby presents with a soft, compressible swelling on the back of the head. This is most likely due to: A. Cephalohematoma B. Caput succedaneum C. Occipital osteomyelitis D. Occipital bone fracture 2. A 45-year-old patient complains of…
1. A 25-year-old man presents with a closed fracture of the tibial shaft after a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following would be the most appropriate initial management? A. Splinting and elevation B. Open reduction and internal fixation C.…
1. The clavicle is classified as a: A) Short bone B) Flat bone C) Long bone D) Irregular bone 2. The clavicle articulates with which of the following bones? A) Scapula and sternum B) Humerus and scapula C) Sternum and…
1. Which of the following microorganisms causes cholera? a) Vibrio cholerae b) Salmonella typhi c) Shigella dysenteriae d) Escherichia coli 2. What is the primary mode of transmission for cholera? a) Airborne b) Direct contact c) Ingestion of contaminated food…
1. Which of the following statements about dengue fever is true? a) It is caused by a bacteria b) It is caused by a virus c) It is a non-communicable disease d) It is a childhood disease 2. Which mosquito…