Resuscitation Guidelines 2005 by the Resuscitation Council (UK)
The 2005 Resuscitation Guidelines focus on improving the chain of survival for cardiac arrest victims. Key updates include changes in CPR techniques, emphasizing the importance of high-quality chest compressions, and integrating automated external defibrillators (AEDs) into the early stages of resuscitation. The guidelines also address advanced life support, including drug administration and post-resuscitation care (Resuscitation Council UK, 2005).
Wrist Block
A wrist block involves injecting local anesthetic around the radial, ulnar, and median nerves at the wrist to provide regional anesthesia for hand and wrist surgeries. This technique is beneficial for procedures like carpal tunnel release and minor hand surgeries.
Radial Nerve Block
The radial nerve block is used to anesthetize the dorsal aspect of the hand and thumb. Local anesthetic is injected near the radial nerve at the forearm, providing analgesia for procedures involving the thumb, index finger, and lateral hand.
Securing and Care of Endotracheal Tubes (ETT’s)
Proper securing and care of endotracheal tubes are critical in preventing dislodgement and ensuring airway patency. This involves securing the tube with appropriate tapes or devices, regularly checking tube placement, and monitoring for signs of obstruction or displacement.
Sedation and Paralysis
Sedation and paralysis are often used in critical care to facilitate mechanical ventilation, reduce patient discomfort, and prevent injury. Common agents include propofol for sedation and vecuronium for paralysis. Careful monitoring is required to adjust dosages and avoid complications.
Sedation of Patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
Sedation in ICU patients is necessary for comfort, anxiety relief, and facilitating mechanical ventilation. Protocols typically involve the use of agents like midazolam or propofol, with regular assessments to balance sedation levels and minimize sedation-related complications (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro).
Sengstaken-Blakemore Tube
A Sengstaken-Blakemore tube is used to control bleeding from esophageal varices. It has inflatable balloons that apply pressure to the bleeding sites. Proper insertion and monitoring are crucial to avoid complications like tube displacement or tissue necrosis.
Ulnar Nerve Block
The ulnar nerve block provides anesthesia to the medial aspect of the hand, including the little finger and ring finger. This is achieved by injecting local anesthetic around the ulnar nerve at the wrist or elbow.
Popliteal Block: Intertendinous (Posterior) Approach
The intertendinous approach to the popliteal block involves injecting local anesthetic in the popliteal fossa between the tendons of the biceps femoris and semimembranosus muscles. This technique anesthetizes the lower leg, excluding the medial aspect.
Popliteal Block: Lateral Approach
The lateral approach to the popliteal block involves injecting local anesthetic around the sciatic nerve from the lateral aspect of the leg, providing anesthesia for surgeries on the distal leg, ankle, and foot.
Popliteal Block: Lithotomy (Supine) Approach
The lithotomy approach to the popliteal block is performed with the patient in a supine position, with the leg elevated and flexed. This approach targets the sciatic nerve for anesthesia of the lower leg and foot.
Superficial Cervical Plexus Block
This block involves injecting local anesthetic near the cervical plexus, providing anesthesia to the neck and shoulder area. It is commonly used for procedures like carotid endarterectomy.
Supraclavicular Interscalene Block
The supraclavicular interscalene block anesthetizes the brachial plexus at the level of the clavicle, providing anesthesia for upper arm and shoulder surgeries.
Thoracic Paravertebral Block
A thoracic paravertebral block involves injecting local anesthetic in the thoracic paravertebral space to provide unilateral analgesia for thoracic and abdominal surgeries.
Thoracic Paravertebral Block: Continuous
A continuous thoracic paravertebral block uses a catheter to deliver continuous local anesthetic, providing prolonged analgesia for thoracic surgeries and postoperative pain management.
Thoraco-Lumbar Paravertebral Block
This block involves injecting local anesthetic in the paravertebral space at the thoracolumbar junction, providing analgesia for abdominal surgeries and chronic pain management.
Nursing Management: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Oxygen Therapy
Nursing management of CPAP therapy involves monitoring patient tolerance, ensuring proper mask fit, and regularly assessing respiratory status and oxygen saturation levels.
Lumbar Plexus Block
A lumbar plexus block involves injecting local anesthetic around the lumbar plexus to provide anesthesia for the hip, thigh, and knee surgeries.
Lumbar Puncture
A lumbar puncture is performed to collect cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes or to administer intrathecal medications. It involves inserting a needle into the lumbar subarachnoid space.
Maintenance Of The Bed Area
Maintaining the bed area involves regular cleaning, ensuring proper bed positioning, and managing linens to promote patient comfort and prevent infections.
Mandibular Nerve Block
The mandibular nerve block is used to anesthetize the inferior alveolar nerve, providing regional anesthesia for dental procedures involving the lower jaw.
Maxillary Nerve Block: The Pterygopalitine Canal Approach
This approach to the maxillary nerve block involves injecting local anesthetic in the pterygopalatine fossa, providing anesthesia for maxillary dental procedures and surgeries (Journal of the California Dental Association).
Median Nerve Block
The median nerve block is performed at the wrist or elbow to provide anesthesia to the palmar aspect of the thumb, index, middle fingers, and lateral half of the ring finger.
Medication Administration, MARK I Nerve Agent Antidote Kit
The MARK I kit contains atropine and pralidoxime, used for treating nerve agent poisoning. Proper administration involves sequential injection of both medications.
Medication Administration, Midazolam
Midazolam is a benzodiazepine used for sedation, anxiety relief, and seizure control. It can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, or orally, with careful monitoring for respiratory depression.
Medication Administration, Rectal Valium
Rectal diazepam (Valium) is used for rapid seizure control. It involves inserting a prefilled syringe into the rectum and administering the medication.
Metacarpal Nerve Block
The metacarpal nerve block involves injecting local anesthetic at the metacarpal level to provide anesthesia for hand surgeries and procedures.
Obturator Block
The obturator block anesthetizes the obturator nerve, providing analgesia for hip surgeries and procedures involving the medial thigh.
Spinal Anesthesia
Spinal anesthesia involves injecting local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space, providing anesthesia for lower abdominal, pelvic, and lower limb surgeries.
Intravenous Regional Block (Bier block)
A Bier block involves injecting local anesthetic intravenously into a limb after applying a tourniquet, providing anesthesia for short surgical procedures on the extremities.
Interscalene Block
The interscalene block anesthetizes the brachial plexus at the level of the neck, providing anesthesia for shoulder and upper arm surgeries.
Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block
This block involves injecting local anesthetic below the clavicle to anesthetize the brachial plexus, providing anesthesia for surgeries of the arm and hand.
Genitofemoral Block
The genitofemoral block provides anesthesia to the genital area and upper thigh, useful for surgeries like inguinal hernia repair.
Femoral Nerve Block
The femoral nerve block anesthetizes the anterior thigh and knee, providing analgesia for surgeries of the thigh and knee.
Epidural Anesthesia
Epidural anesthesia involves injecting local anesthetic into the epidural space, providing analgesia for surgeries, labor, and chronic pain management.
Digital Nerve Block
Digital nerve blockade provides anesthesia for fingers or toes by injecting local anesthetic around the base of the digit, commonly used for minor surgical procedures.
Insertion Of An Arterial Line
Inserting an arterial line involves cannulating an artery, typically the radial artery, to continuously monitor blood pressure and obtain blood gas samples.
Dental Nerve Blocks
Dental nerve blocks provide regional anesthesia for dental procedures, involving injections around specific nerves like the inferior alveolar or maxillary nerve.
Deep Cervical Plexus Block
A deep cervical plexus block anesthetizes the cervical plexus at the neck, providing analgesia for neck and upper shoulder surgeries.
Combined Lumbar Plexus – Sciatic Blocks
This technique involves blocking both the lumbar plexus and sciatic nerve, providing comprehensive anesthesia for hip, thigh, and knee surgeries.
Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia
This technique combines spinal and epidural anesthesia, providing rapid onset and prolonged duration of analgesia for surgeries and labor.
Conscious Sedation
Conscious sedation involves administering sedative medications to reduce anxiety and discomfort during procedures while maintaining patient responsiveness and airway control.
Continuous Femoral Nerve Block
This involves placing a catheter near the femoral nerve to provide continuous analgesia for postoperative pain management after lower limb surgeries.
Continuous Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block
A catheter is placed near the brachial plexus below the clavicle for continuous delivery of local anesthetic, providing prolonged analgesia for arm and hand surgeries.
Continuous Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block
A catheter placed at the interscalene groove allows continuous### Continuous Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block A catheter placed at the interscalene groove allows continuous delivery of local anesthetic to the brachial plexus, providing prolonged analgesia for shoulder and upper arm surgeries.
Continuous Popliteal Nerve Block: Intertendinous Approach
This technique involves placing a catheter between the tendons in the popliteal fossa, allowing continuous infusion of local anesthetic for extended postoperative pain relief in the lower leg and foot.
Continuous Popliteal Nerve Block: Lateral Approach
A catheter is inserted laterally to the popliteal fossa to continuously anesthetize the sciatic nerve, providing prolonged pain relief for procedures on the distal lower extremity.
Continuous Sciatic Block
A catheter placed near the sciatic nerve provides continuous analgesia for lower limb surgeries, particularly effective for prolonged postoperative pain management.
Continuous Sciatic Block – Posterior Approach
Involves placing a catheter posteriorly near the sciatic nerve to deliver continuous local anesthetic, ensuring long-lasting pain relief for the lower extremity.
Ankle Block
An ankle block involves injecting local anesthetic around multiple nerves (deep peroneal, superficial peroneal, sural, tibial, and saphenous) to provide regional anesthesia for foot and ankle surgeries.
Anterior Sciatic Nerve Block Parafemoral Technique
This block anesthetizes the sciatic nerve using an anterior approach, targeting the nerve as it lies adjacent to the femur for procedures involving the thigh and knee.
Axillary Brachial Plexus Block
An axillary block involves injecting local anesthetic into the axillary region to block the brachial plexus, providing anesthesia for procedures on the forearm and hand.
Axillary Nerve Block
This block targets the axillary nerve specifically, providing anesthesia to the lateral shoulder, often used for shoulder surgeries.
Carpal Tunnel Repair
Carpal tunnel repair is a surgical procedure to relieve pressure on the median nerve by cutting the transverse carpal ligament. This is often performed under local anesthesia provided by a median nerve block.
These procedures are critical in various medical and surgical contexts, providing effective pain management and facilitating numerous surgical interventions.
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