Uterus larger than expected for dates. Excessive maternal weight that is not explained by edema or obesity. Polyhydramnios manifested by uterine size out o proportion to the calculated duration of gestation. ballotment of more than one fetus. Multiplicity of small parts. Simultaneous recording of different fetal heart rate. Complications of pregnancy that is… Read More »
Dr. Tauseefullah Akhund M.B.B.S, MPH (Sydney), (Australia) October 20, 2004 Tuberculosis is one of the dreadful diseases affecting a number of people in developing countries including Pakistan. It is one of the most common diseases causing a high mortality and morbidity. The total number of cases is rising every year because of rapidly growing population,… Read More »
Postpartum hemorrhage denotes excessive bleeding (more than 500 ml in vaginal bleeding) following delivery. Hemorrhage may occur during or after delivery of the placenta. Management As retained placenta tissue constitutes the main cause in majority of cases of PPH, the patient is managed in following steps. Predelivery preparation Postdelivery measures Active… Read More »
It is an inflammation of lung parenchyma, usually caused by bacteria and characterized by cough, productive sputum and fever. Classification a) on the basis of site of involvement lobar pneumonia bronchopneumonia interstitial pneumonia b) on the basis of etiology bacterial viral allergic atypical secondary pneumonia (aspiration pneumonia) Etiology Precipitating factor… Read More »
Dr. Tauseefullah Akhund M.B.B.S, MPH (Sydney), (Australia) Summary Health promotion and health advancement subject has provided each and every student a golden opportunity to achieve something, for which they have only thought of. As for as I am concerned I grabbed this opportunity with both hands because it provided me opportunity to involve me… Read More »
Currently over 1 billion people are overweight and at least 300 million are clinically obese Women are more obese than men. Obesity risk increases with rising age. In children of age group 5-17 years, the prevalence of overweight is below 10 percent in Africa and Asia and in Americas and Europe above 20 percent. Body… Read More »
Epidemiology Statistics The World Health Organization estimates thatapproximately 500,000 women die each year from pregnancy-related causes, more than 98% of these deaths occurring in the developing world. Risk factors: most vulnerable period is postpartum period. > 60% of maternal deaths occurred in the postpartum period; 45% of postpartum deaths occurred within 1 day… Read More »
delayed labor fetal distress perineal rupture puerperal sepsis rectovaginal fistula labial laceration physical exhaustion of mother Genitourinary fistulas. Trauma to fetal head. fetal acidosis shock Delayed labor. Can be avoided by Oxytocin infusion only if cephalopelvic disproportion excluded. Episiotomy if pelvic floor is suspected to cause prolonged labor. Forceps or ventose… Read More »
Dr. Tauseefullah Akhund M.B.B.S, MPH (Sydney), (Australia) 1. Which aspect of prevention does your project address? This project seeks to reduce (if not prevent) infant mortality and in particular stillbirth. The program will monitor the well-being of unborn babies, by increasing women’s awareness of their unborn baby’s movements during the third trimester of pregnancy. … Read More »
Definition: It is an autoimmune bleeding disorder in which antibodies are formed against platelets causing the destruction and premature removal by monocyte macrophage system. Exact etiology is not known but is associated with some risk factors mentioned below Post infection ITP may follow infection with rubella –HIV-HBV (infectious mononucleosis) Vertical… Read More »
Most commonly located on the anterior part of circle of Willis (particularly on anterior or posterior communicating arteries, at the bifurcation of middle cerebral artery and at the bifurcation of internal carotid artery. Forms Most common are saccular .other forms are fusiform, diffuse, globular etc. Clinical features 1. Asymptomatic 2. … Read More »
Definition Blood glucose level less than 40mg/dl in a term or premature infant is called hypoglycemic. Etiology a) decreased stores · prematurity · IUGR · Starvation b) Hyperinsulinism · Infant of diabetic mother · Erythroblastosis · Insulin producing tumors c) miscellaneous · polycythemia · sepsis · asphyxia · hypothermia · … Read More »
It is a neuropsychiatric syndrome secondary to liver disease characterized by unconsciousness. Etiology: Cirrhosis of liver Acute fulminant hepatitis Biliary cirrhosis Surgical portal venous shunt Portal hypertension Precipitating factors High protein intake Alcohol Constipation Infection Fluid electrolyte imbalance GI bleeding Pathophysiology Hepatic coma occurs when blood bypass the liver… Read More »
Dr. Tauseefullah Akhund M.B.B.S, MPH (Sydney), (Australia) Over past decades most countries around the world have seen widespread disparity in the society, wealth, race and gender. These disparities have affected the health status of the countries badly. Those countries which succeeded to keep the disparity under control eventually succeeded in improving the health of… Read More »
Definition: This is the commonest cause of hyperthyroidism and is due to autoimmune process in which serum IgG antibodies bind to the thyroid TSH receptors and produce stimulation of thyroid hormone production, behaving like TSH. Clinical features Increased size and secretion of thyroid gland GIT features include weight loss despite normal or increased… Read More »
Maternal complications Asymptomatic bacteremia It is thought to occur 2-3 times more frequently in women with glucose in urine. It should be diagnosed early and managed by antibiotics Pyelonephritis. It is exaggerated complication of bacteremia that results when women with bacteremia is not treated properly. Diabetic retinopathy. … Read More »
Introduction European working time directive became part of UK law in October 1998 as health and safety legislation.[1]The law meant to reduce the doctors time in hospitals concerning the patient and doctors health . At that time junior doctors or doctors in training (DIT) were excluded from the scheme due fear of the adverse… Read More »
ebolatrial.com domain is for sale Introduction “We can close the book on infectious diseases” Surgeon-general of the U.S., 19671 “Viruses are now taking advantage of each other to cause damage to human populations” Dr. Pierre Formenty, WHO virus researcher, 19992 Not all that long ago infectious diseases were assumed to disappear after successful vaccination… Read More »
As future healthcare professionals, medical students must develop a comprehensive understanding of various medical conditions, including drug eruptions. These skin reactions, often caused by medications, can vary in severity and presentation. This article aims to provide a succinct overview of drug eruptions, helping medical students recognize, diagnose, and manage them effectively. What Are Drug Eruptions?… Read More »
Differential Diagnoses in General Medicine David Scerri MD MRCP(UK) Manchester, UK Online differential diagnosis book on almost every medical condition listed alphabetically. www.geocities.com/davidscerri/ Differential Diagnosis of Rhinitis MM Carr DDS MD MEd www.icarus.med.utoronto.ca