1. “GEL”: Gram-positive, Enzyme-coagulase-positive, Lancefield group A – Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus. 2. “PECAN”: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Serratia, Proteus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae – Gram-negative rods (Enterobacteriaceae). 3. “SHiN”: Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae – Causes…
1. RIFLE: Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage renal disease – A grading system for acute kidney injury. 2. FENa: Fractional Excretion of Sodium – A diagnostic marker for distinguishing prerenal from intrinsic renal causes of acute kidney injury. 3.…
1. A 60-year-old male presents with swelling in the legs and shortness of breath. His laboratory results show elevated creatinine and reduced urine output. What could be the possible diagnosis? 2. A 45-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus has hypertension…
1. Which condition is characterized by the enlargement of the prostate gland in aging males, leading to urinary obstruction? a) Prostatitis b) Bladder diverticulum c) Bladder cancer d) Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) 2. Which test is commonly used to screen…
1. **KUB** – Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder: A radiographic abbreviation for an X-ray image of the abdomen to visualize these structures. 2. **CREST Syndrome** – A mnemonic for the features of systemic sclerosis: C – Calcinosis R – Raynaud’s phenomenon…
1. ABCD: Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability – A quick assessment for emergency situations in oral surgery. 2. WATCH: Wound assessment (type and location), Analgesia, Tetanus status, Cleansing, and Hemostasis. 3. C-CALM: Communication, Consent, Anesthesia, Local Anesthetic, and Monitoring. 4. STOP:…
1. A 50-year-old patient presents with a symptomatic impacted mandibular third molar. How would you approach the extraction procedure? 2. A 30-year-old patient requires extraction of a partially erupted maxillary canine. What considerations are important in this case? 3. A…
1. A 32-year-old female presents with acute, severe headache, photophobia, and neck stiffness. Lumbar puncture reveals increased white blood cells and elevated protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. Question: What is the most likely diagnosis in this patient? a) Meningitis…
1: A 45-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents to the emergency department with severe chest pain. The pain is crushing in nature and radiates to his left arm. He is diaphoretic and nauseous. His blood pressure is 180/110…
A 40-year-old patient presents with a fractured amalgam restoration on a molar. How would you approach the restoration replacement? A 65-year-old patient requires a Class II composite restoration on a mandibular premolar. What considerations are important in this case? A…
1. A 35-year-old patient presents with severe tooth pain in the lower left quadrant. The tooth has deep caries, and there is a history of sensitivity to cold and hot. On clinical examination, there is localized tenderness to percussion and…
Case Scenario 1: A 25-year-old male presents with fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. Laboratory findings reveal decreased hemoglobin levels and microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells. Peripheral blood smear shows target cells and basophilic stippling. What is the most likely diagnosis?…
Introduction The United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 is a crucial milestone for medical students aiming to pursue a career in the United States medical system. This comprehensive exam assesses a student’s knowledge of basic medical sciences, ensuring…
Mindgrasp is an AI-powered learning tool that helps students, professionals, and avid readers to learn faster and better understand their course material. It can generate notes and summaries, ask questions and get answers, and create video summaries. Here are some…
Don't use ChatGPT or Claude to look up sources for medical research. They may give you fake citations. Instead, use a new AI-powered tool "The Literature." Ask a question and it'll give you: • Literature Review• Statistical Analysis• Study Curriculum…
Rayyan is an AI-powered tool that helps researchers conduct systematic literature reviews. It can be used to find, filter, and organize relevant papers on a particular topic. Rayyan can also help researchers generate bibliographies and create reports on their research.…
CHARM, or Cryosection Histopathology Assessment and Review Machine, is an artificial intelligence (AI) system that is being developed to help doctors diagnose brain cancer during surgery. CHARM uses machine learning to analyze cryosection images of tissue samples, which are thin…
Med-PaLM 2 is a medical-specific large language model (LLM) developed by Google AI. It is a fine-tuned version of PaLM 2, Google’s next-generation LLM, and has been trained on a massive dataset of medical literature and clinical data. Med-PaLM 2…
Docus AI Health Assistant is a virtual health assistant that uses artificial intelligence to provide users with personalized health information and advice. The platform is powered by GPT-4, OpenAI, and vector databases, and it meets the HIPAA and GDPR data…